Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Cell Host Microbe. 2020 Mar 11;27(3):329-344. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.02.003.
The intestine is an essential physical and immunological barrier comprised of a monolayer of diverse and specialized epithelial cells that perform functions ranging from nutrient absorption to pathogen sensing and intestinal homeostasis. The intestinal barrier prevents translocation of intestinal microbes into internal compartments. The microbiota is comprised of a complex community largely populated by diverse bacterial species that provide metabolites, nutrients, and immune stimuli that promote intestinal and organismal health. Although commensal organisms promote health, enteric pathogens, including a diverse plethora of enteric viruses, cause acute and chronic diseases. The barrier epithelium plays fundamental roles in immune defenses against enteric viral infections by integrating diverse signals, including those from the microbiota, to prevent disease. Importantly, many model systems have contributed to our understanding of this complex interface. This review will focus on the antiviral mechanisms at play within the intestinal epithelium and how these responses are shaped by the microbiota.
肠道是一个重要的物理和免疫屏障，由单层多样化和专业化的上皮细胞组成，这些细胞具有从营养吸收到病原体感应和肠道内稳态等多种功能。肠道屏障可以防止肠道微生物转移到内部隔室。微生物群由一个复杂的群落组成，主要由多种细菌组成，这些细菌提供代谢物、营养物质和免疫刺激物，促进肠道和机体的健康。尽管共生生物有助于健康，但肠道病原体，包括多种肠道病毒，会导致急性和慢性疾病。屏障上皮细胞通过整合来自微生物群的各种信号，在抵御肠道病毒感染的免疫防御中发挥着重要作用，以预防疾病。重要的是，许多模型系统为我们理解这一复杂界面做出了贡献。本综述将重点介绍肠道上皮细胞中发挥作用的抗病毒机制，以及这些反应如何受到微生物群的影响。
