Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
Front Immunol. 2022 Jul 1;13:871713. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.871713. eCollection 2022.
Autoimmune diseases are a series of diseases involving multiple tissues and organs, characterized by the over production of abnormal multiple antibodies. Although most studies support that the impaired immune balance participates in the development of autoimmune diseases, the specific pathogenesis of it is not fully understood. Intestinal immunity, especially the intestinal mucosal barrier has become a research hotspot, which is considered to be an upstream mechanism leading to the impaired immune balance. As an important defense barrier, the intestinal mucosal barrier regulates and maintains the homeostasis of internal environment. Once the intestinal barrier function is impaired under the effect of multiple factors, it will destroy the immune homeostasis, trigger inflammatory response, and participate in the development of autoimmune diseases in the final. However, the mechanism of the intestinal mucosal barrier how to regulate the homeostasis and inflammation is not clear. Some studies suggest that it maintains the balance of immune homeostasis through the zonulin pathway, intestinal microbiome, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Our review focused on the composition and the function of the intestinal mucosal barrier to describe the research progress of it in regulating the immune homeostasis and inflammation, and also pointed that the intestinal mucosal barrier was the potential targets in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
自身免疫性疾病是一组涉及多个组织和器官的疾病，其特征是异常的多种抗体过度产生。尽管大多数研究支持免疫平衡受损参与了自身免疫性疾病的发展，但具体的发病机制尚不完全清楚。肠道免疫，特别是肠黏膜屏障已成为研究热点，被认为是导致免疫平衡受损的上游机制。作为重要的防御屏障，肠黏膜屏障调节和维持内环境的稳态。一旦多种因素作用下肠屏障功能受损，就会破坏免疫稳态，引发炎症反应，并最终参与自身免疫性疾病的发生。然而，肠黏膜屏障如何调节免疫稳态和炎症的机制尚不清楚。一些研究表明，它通过紧密连接蛋白通路、肠道微生物组和 Toll 样受体信号通路来维持免疫稳态的平衡。我们的综述重点介绍了肠黏膜屏障的组成和功能，描述了其在调节免疫稳态和炎症方面的研究进展，并指出肠黏膜屏障是治疗自身免疫性疾病的潜在靶点。
