Lemon Roger, Kraskov Alexander
Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
Brain Neurosci Adv. 2019 Mar 15;3:2398212819837149. doi: 10.1177/2398212819837149. eCollection 2019 Jan-Dec.
We review the current knowledge about the part that motor cortex plays in the preparation and generation of movement, and we discuss the idea that corticospinal neurons, and particularly those with cortico-motoneuronal connections, act as 'command' neurons for skilled reach-to-grasp movements in the primate. We also review the increasing evidence that it is active during processes such as action observation and motor imagery. This leads to a discussion about how movement is inhibited and stopped, and the role in these for disfacilitation of the corticospinal output. We highlight the importance of the non-human primate as a model for the human motor system. Finally, we discuss the insights that recent research into the monkey motor system has provided for translational approaches to neurological diseases such as stroke, spinal injury and motor neuron disease.
我们回顾了目前关于运动皮层在运动准备和产生过程中所起作用的知识，并讨论了皮质脊髓神经元，特别是那些具有皮质-运动神经元连接的神经元，作为灵长类动物熟练抓握动作的“指令”神经元的观点。我们还回顾了越来越多的证据表明，它在动作观察和运动想象等过程中是活跃的。这引发了关于运动如何被抑制和停止的讨论，以及皮质脊髓输出抑制在其中的作用。我们强调了非人类灵长类动物作为人类运动系统模型的重要性。最后，我们讨论了最近对猴子运动系统的研究为中风、脊髓损伤和运动神经元疾病等神经疾病的转化方法所提供的见解。
