School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
J Adolesc Health. 2020 Aug;67(2):270-277. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.01.021. Epub 2020 Mar 10.
The purpose of this study was to use social indicators to compare adolescent health disparities across neighborhoods in Baltimore, Maryland, circa 2017. Neighborhoods heavily influence adolescent health outcomes. Baltimore remains a hypersegregated city along racial boundaries with a recently growing population of Latino immigrant youth. This segregation may promulgate adolescent health disparities, yet the magnitude of needs and how they may differ among Baltimore's minoritized adolescents remain unknown.
The most predominantly white, black, and Latino neighborhoods in Baltimore were analyzed across six indicators relevant to adolescent health: teen birth rate, high school achievement, poverty, health insurance, youth mortality rate, and lead paint violation rate. The indicators were used to create a composite adolescent deprivation index. Measures of absolute and relative disparity were then calculated between white, black, and Latino neighborhood clusters.
Both black and Latino neighborhoods had similar adolescent deprivation relative to white neighborhoods. Latino neighborhoods had the highest teen birth rate and children without health insurance. Black neighborhoods had the lowest educational achievement and the highest poverty, youth mortality, and lead paint violation rate.
The overall magnitude of social deprivation is similar across communities of color in Baltimore. However, black adolescents tend to live in neighborhoods with greater physical deprivation and youth mortality that limits within-group bonding capacity, whereas Latino adolescents tend to live in neighborhoods with limited health and social resources that prevent between-group bridging capacity. These indicators thus orient policies and programs to promote differential asset-based strategies for positive youth development.
本研究旨在利用社会指标比较马里兰州巴尔的摩市 2017 年左右不同社区的青少年健康差距。社区对青少年的健康结果有很大影响。巴尔的摩仍然是一个按种族界限高度隔离的城市，最近有越来越多的拉丁裔移民青年。这种隔离可能会加剧青少年健康差距，但巴尔的摩少数族裔青少年的需求程度以及这些需求如何在不同群体之间存在差异仍不得而知。
分析了巴尔的摩市白人、黑人和拉丁裔人口最集中的六个与青少年健康相关的指标：青少年生育率、高中成绩、贫困、医疗保险、青少年死亡率和含铅涂料违规率。这些指标被用来创建一个综合的青少年贫困指数。然后计算了白人群体、黑人群体和拉丁裔群体之间的绝对和相对差异的衡量标准。
黑人和拉丁裔社区的青少年贫困相对白人社区相似。拉丁裔社区的青少年生育率和没有医疗保险的儿童比例最高。黑人群体的教育成就最低，贫困率、青少年死亡率和含铅涂料违规率最高。
巴尔的摩有色人种社区的社会贫困总体程度相似。然而，黑人群体往往生活在物质贫困和青少年死亡率较高的社区，这限制了群体内部的联系能力，而拉丁裔青少年往往生活在健康和社会资源有限的社区，这阻碍了群体之间的桥梁建设能力。这些指标为促进积极的青年发展的差异化资产为基础的策略提供了政策和方案方向。
