Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jun 15;721:137728. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137728. Epub 2020 Mar 10.
Methamphetamine (METH) is a central nervous system stimulant drug whose use has increased in the last few years worldwide. After the ingestion of even a single dose, METH is excreted by the organism and enters the aquatic ecosystems, whereby concentrations up to hundreds of ng/L were measured in both sewage and surface waters. Although the environmental concentrations are currently quite low, the high biological activity of METH might cause adverse effects towards non-target organisms. However, to date the information on METH toxicity towards aquatic organisms is limited. Thus, the present study aimed at investigating biochemical and behavioral effects induced by METH exposure towards the Cladoceran Daphnia magna. A 21-days exposure to two environmental concentrations of METH (50 ng/L and 500 ng/L) was performed. At selected time points (7, 14 and 21 days) the amount of pro-oxidant molecules, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx) and levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured as oxidative stress-related endpoints. Changes in swimming activity and reproductive output were assessed as behavioral endpoints. METH exposure affected the oxidative status of D. magna specimens at both tested concentrations, although no oxidative damage occurred. Although METH did not modulate the swimming activity of D. magna, a significant, positive effect on reproductive output, in terms of number of offspring was found. Our results showed that low concentrations of METH might represent a threat for D. magna, affecting the health status of this aquatic species at different level of biological organization.
甲基苯丙胺（METH）是一种中枢神经系统兴奋剂，近年来在全球范围内的使用有所增加。即使摄入单剂量，METH 也会被机体排出并进入水生生态系统，在污水和地表水 中测量到的浓度高达数百纳克/升。尽管目前环境浓度相当低，但 METH 的高生物活性可能对非目标生物产生不利影响。然而，迄今为止，关于 METH 对水生生物的毒性信息有限。因此，本研究旨在研究暴露于 METH 对枝角类动物大型溞（Daphnia magna）引起的生化和行为影响。进行了 21 天的暴露于两种环境浓度的 METH（50ng/L 和 500ng/L）。在选定的时间点（7、14 和 21 天）测量了促氧化剂分子的数量、抗氧化酶（SOD、CAT、GPx）的活性和脂质过氧化（LPO）水平，作为氧化应激相关终点。游泳活动和生殖输出的变化作为行为终点进行评估。暴露于 METH 会影响两种测试浓度的大型溞的氧化状态，但没有发生氧化损伤。尽管 METH 没有调节大型溞的游泳活动，但发现其对生殖输出有显著的正影响，表现在后代数量增加方面。我们的结果表明，低浓度的 METH 可能对大型溞构成威胁，影响这种水生物种在不同层次的生物组织中的健康状况。
