Guangdong Provincial Zoonosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
Parasit Vectors. 2020 Mar 14;13(1):136. doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04010-8.
Hookworm infection is a major public health problem that threatens about 500 million people throughout tropical areas of the world. Adult hookworms survive for many years in the host intestine, where they suck blood, causing iron deficiency anemia and malnutrition. Numerous molecules, named excretory/secretory (ES) products, are secreted by hookworm adults and/or larvae to aid in parasite survival and pathobiology. Although the molecular cloning and characterization of hookworm ES products began 25 years ago, the biological role and molecular nature of many of them are still unclear. Hookworm ES products, with distinct structures and functions, have been linked to many essential events in the disease pathogenesis. These events include host invasion and tissue migration, parasite nourishment and reproduction, and immune modulation. Several of these products represent promising vaccine targets for controlling hookworm disease and therapeutic targets for many inflammatory diseases. This review aims to summarize our present knowledge about hookworm ES products, including their role in parasite biology, host-parasite interactions, and as vaccine and pharmaceutical targets and to identify research gaps and future research directions in this field.
钩虫感染是一个主要的公共卫生问题，威胁着全球热带地区约 5 亿人的健康。成虫钩虫在宿主肠道中存活多年，它们吸血，导致缺铁性贫血和营养不良。大量名为排泄/分泌（ES）产物的分子由钩虫成虫和/或幼虫分泌，以帮助寄生虫生存和病理生物学。尽管钩虫 ES 产物的分子克隆和特征描述早在 25 年前就已经开始，但它们中的许多的生物学作用和分子性质仍然不清楚。钩虫 ES 产物具有不同的结构和功能，与疾病发病机制中的许多重要事件有关。这些事件包括宿主入侵和组织迁移、寄生虫的营养和繁殖以及免疫调节。其中一些产物是控制钩虫病的有前途的疫苗靶点，也是许多炎症性疾病的治疗靶点。本综述旨在总结我们目前对钩虫 ES 产物的认识，包括它们在寄生虫生物学、宿主-寄生虫相互作用以及作为疫苗和药物靶点方面的作用，并确定该领域的研究差距和未来研究方向。
