Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Parasite Immunol. 2021 Feb;43(2):e12798. doi: 10.1111/pim.12798. Epub 2020 Oct 27.
Hookworm infection is considered the most prevalent human soil-transmitted helminth infection affecting approximately 500 million people and accounting for 3.2 million disability-adjusted life years lost annually. As with many other neglected tropical diseases, no international surveillance mechanisms that show accurate data on the prevalence of hookworm infection are in place, thus hindering strategies to control parasite transmission. In this review, we unravel the current knowledge in immunopathology and immunoregulation of hookworm infection and present discoveries in drug therapies based on the capability of hookworms to regulate inflammation to treat allergic, inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Additionally, we highlight potential vaccine development and treatments and propose avenues for further inquiry.
钩虫感染被认为是最普遍的人类土壤传播性蠕虫感染，影响约 5 亿人，每年导致 320 万人丧失残疾调整生命年。与许多其他被忽视的热带病一样，目前没有显示钩虫感染流行情况的准确数据的国际监测机制，从而阻碍了控制寄生虫传播的策略。在这篇综述中，我们揭示了钩虫感染的免疫病理学和免疫调节的最新知识，并介绍了基于钩虫调节炎症能力治疗过敏、炎症和代谢疾病的药物治疗方面的发现。此外，我们强调了潜在的疫苗开发和治疗方法，并提出了进一步研究的途径。
