ABF Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstr. 5, 82152, Planegg, Germany.
German Environment Agency (UBA), Corrensplatz 1, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2020 Jun;227:113508. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113508. Epub 2020 Mar 12.
7-Hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-1-octanal, also known as 7-hydroxycitronellal (7-HC, CAS No. 107-75-5) is a synthetic fragrance widely used in cosmetic and hygiene products. Because of its wide spread use and its known sensitizing properties, 7-HC was selected as one of 50 chemicals within the frame of the cooperation project between the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) and the German Chemical Industry Association (VCI) to develop a suitable human biomonitoring (HBM) method in order to assess the exposure of the general population in Germany. Within this scope, the recently published analytical method for urinary 7-hydroxycitronellylic acid (7-HCA), the major metabolite of 7-HC, was applied to 329 24h-urine samples of young adults (20 to 29 years) collected between 2000 and 2018 and stored in the Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB). The widespread exposure to 7-HC as already observed in a pilot study with 40 volunteers could be confirmed with quantifiable concentrations of 7-HCA in all 329 study samples (mean: 14.9 ng/mL; median: 8.1 ng/mL). A significant, chronological decrease in 7-HCA levels was found for the monitored years (2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2015, 2018). The most pronounced decline occurred between 2000 and 2004 (means: 34.37 versus 23.31, medians: 20.97 versus 12.49 μg/24h; p < 0.01). On average, females exhibited higher levels of urinary 7-HCA compared to males (29.34 versus 17.21 μg/24h, p < 0.05). Based on the urinary 7-HCA excretion, the daily intake (DI) of 7-HC normalized for body weight (bw) was estimated. Over all sampling years, average DI in females was significantly higher compared to males (0.99 versus 0.46 μg/kg bw/d). Assuming dermal exposure as the main route of 7-HC intake, the mean DIs correspond to <0.1% of the derived no effect level (DNEL) of 1,100 μg/kg bw/d defined by the European Chemical Agency (ECHA). The presented results for the exposure to the widely used fragrance 7-HC in Germany can be substantiated by applying the described methodology to the representative cohort of the launched German Environmental Survey in adults (GerES VI).
7-羟基-3,7-二甲基-1-辛醛，也称为 7-羟基香茅醛（7-HC，CAS 号 107-75-5）是一种广泛用于化妆品和卫生用品的合成香料。由于其广泛的使用及其已知的致敏特性，7-HC 被选为德国联邦环境、自然保护和核安全部（BMU）与德国化学工业协会（VCI）之间合作项目框架内的 50 种化学物质之一，以开发一种合适的人体生物监测（HBM）方法，以评估德国普通人群的暴露情况。在此范围内，最近发表的用于尿液 7-羟基香茅酸（7-HCA）的分析方法，7-HC 的主要代谢物，应用于 2000 年至 2018 年间收集并储存在环境标本库（ESB）中的 329 份年轻成年人（20 至 29 岁）的 24 小时尿液样本中。在一个由 40 名志愿者进行的试点研究中已经观察到对 7-HC 的广泛暴露，所有 329 个研究样本中都可以检测到可量化的 7-HCA 浓度（平均值：14.9ng/mL；中位数：8.1ng/mL）。监测年份（2000 年、2004 年、2008 年、2012 年、2015 年、2018 年）发现 7-HCA 水平呈显著的时间下降趋势。2000 年至 2004 年期间下降最为明显（平均值：34.37 与 23.31，中位数：20.97 与 12.49μg/24h；p<0.01）。平均而言，女性尿液中的 7-HCA 水平高于男性（29.34 与 17.21μg/24h，p<0.05）。基于尿液 7-HCA 的排泄，按体重（bw）归一化估计 7-HC 的每日摄入量（DI）。在所有采样年份中，女性的平均 DI 明显高于男性（0.99 与 0.46μg/kg bw/d）。假设皮肤接触是 7-HC 摄入的主要途径，平均 DIs 对应于欧洲化学品管理局（ECHA）规定的 1100μg/kg bw/d 的无效应水平（DNEL）的<0.1%。通过将描述的方法应用于德国成人环境调查（GerES VI）中推出的代表性队列，可以证实德国对广泛使用的香料 7-HC 的暴露情况。
