Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, F679 Presbyterian University Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/TonyCyr.
Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, F679 Presbyterian University Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Crit Care Clin. 2020 Apr;36(2):307-321. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2019.12.009.
Nitric oxide is a strong vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory signaling molecule that plays diverse roles in maintaining vascular homeostasis. Nitric oxide produced by endothelial cells is a critical regulator of this balance, such that endothelial dysfunction is defined as a reduced capacity for nitric oxide production and decreased nitric oxide sensitivity. This ultimately results in an imbalance in vascular homeostasis leading to a prothrombotic, proinflammatory, and less compliant blood vessel wall. Endothelial dysfunction is central in numerous pathophysiologic processes. This article reviews mechanisms governing nitric oxide production and downstream effects, highlighting the role of nitric oxide signaling in organ system pathologies.
一氧化氮是一种强有力的血管舒张和抗炎信号分子，在维持血管内稳态方面发挥着多种作用。内皮细胞产生的一氧化氮是这种平衡的关键调节剂，因此内皮功能障碍被定义为一氧化氮产生能力降低和一氧化氮敏感性降低。这最终导致血管内稳态失衡，导致血栓形成、炎症和血管壁顺应性降低。内皮功能障碍是许多病理生理过程的核心。本文综述了调节一氧化氮产生的机制及其下游效应，强调了一氧化氮信号在器官系统病理学中的作用。
