Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 West Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States.
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4190 City Line Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19131, United States.
Burns. 2020 Aug;46(5):1225-1231. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.03.001. Epub 2020 Mar 12.
Burn injuries can present with catastrophic physical and psychiatric harm with extensive, long-term sequelae. The pediatric population may especially be at-risk given this population's early neurocognitive and behavioral state of development. Innovations in treatment modalities and the development of evidence-based guidelines have helped mitigate burn morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Unfortunately, a surprising dearth of literature identifies risk-factors, epidemiological data, injury mechanisms, and prognostic factors within the pediatric population in the setting of craniofacial burns.
An analysis of emergency department visits under the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was conducted for the most recent 5-year period available (2014-2018). Available information includes demographical data, such as age and sex, mechanism of injury, visit circumstances, as well as visit disposition. Additionally, details surrounding the injury, including type of burn and anatomical location of injury, were compared.
After a review of results, a total of 2599 patients were included for analysis. Our study shows that infants and young children are at increased risk for grave injury 27.3% and 13% of infants and toddlers transferred or admitted, respectively, p < 0.05). 59.8% of infant burns in particular were caused by liquid or kitchen products, while 44.5% of burns in toddlers were caused by chemical products (p < 0.05 for both). Conversely, adolescents are at greater risk of burns in the setting of occupational and hobby-based activities (20.4% of adolescent burns).
Craniofacial burns in the pediatric population may present with complex pathology and sometimes necessitate advanced care. Presentations and prognoses are different dependent upon age and injury mechanism. These findings may serve as important framework in the establishment of guidelines for medical and legislative reform.
烧伤可导致严重的身体和精神伤害，并带来广泛且长期的后遗症。鉴于儿童群体的神经认知和行为发育处于早期阶段，该群体尤其面临风险。治疗方式的创新和循证指南的制定有助于降低儿童群体的烧伤发病率和死亡率。然而，令人惊讶的是，在儿童颅面烧伤的背景下，文献中很少有确定风险因素、流行病学数据、损伤机制和预后因素的内容。
对最近可用的 5 年期间（2014-2018 年）国家电子伤害监测系统中的急诊就诊情况进行了分析。可用信息包括人口统计学数据，如年龄和性别、损伤机制、就诊情况以及就诊处置等。此外，还比较了与损伤相关的详细信息，包括烧伤类型和损伤的解剖位置。
经过结果审查，共有 2599 名患者被纳入分析。我们的研究表明，婴儿和幼儿发生严重损伤的风险增加，分别有 27.3%和 13%的婴儿和幼儿需要转院或住院，差异有统计学意义（p<0.05）。特别是 59.8%的婴儿烧伤是由液体或厨房产品引起的，而 44.5%的幼儿烧伤是由化学产品引起的（两者均 p<0.05）。相反，青少年在职业和业余活动中发生烧伤的风险更高（20.4%的青少年烧伤）。
儿童颅面烧伤可能表现出复杂的病理特征，有时需要进行高级护理。发病情况和预后因年龄和损伤机制而异。这些发现可以为医疗和立法改革指南的制定提供重要依据。
