Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University, TX, USA.
Cardiovasc Revasc Med. 2020 Sep;21(9):1169-1179. doi: 10.1016/j.carrev.2020.02.014. Epub 2020 Feb 18.
Myocardial bridging is a congenital coronary anomaly with normal epicardial coronary artery taking an intra-myocardial course also described as tunneled artery. The majority of patients with this coronary anomaly are asymptomatic and generally it is a benign condition. However, it is an important cause of myocardial ischemia, which may lead to anginal symptoms, acute coronary syndrome, cardiac arrhythmias and rarely sudden cardiac death. There are numerous studies published in the recent past on understanding the pathophysiology, diagnostic and management strategies of myocardial bridging. This review highlights some of the recent updates in the diagnosis and management of patients with myocardial bridging. We discuss the role of various non-invasive and invasive diagnostic methods to evaluate functional significance of bridging. In addition, role of medical therapy such as beta-blockers, percutaneous coronary intervention with stents/bioresorbable scaffolds and surgical unroofing in patients unresponsive to medical therapy is highlighted as well.
心肌桥是一种先天性冠状动脉异常,正常的心外膜冠状动脉走行于心肌内,也被描述为隧道样动脉。大多数患有这种冠状动脉异常的患者无症状,通常是良性的。然而,它是引起心肌缺血的一个重要原因,可能导致心绞痛症状、急性冠状动脉综合征、心律失常,极少数情况下还会导致心源性猝死。最近有许多关于心肌桥的病理生理学、诊断和治疗策略的研究发表。这篇综述强调了心肌桥患者诊断和治疗的一些最新进展。我们讨论了各种非侵入性和侵入性诊断方法在评估桥血管功能意义方面的作用。此外,还强调了药物治疗(如β受体阻滞剂)、经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(支架/生物可吸收支架)以及对药物治疗无反应的患者的手术搭桥在治疗中的作用。