Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2020 Jul;1864(7):129595. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129595. Epub 2020 Mar 12.
Recombinant DNA technologies have enabled the development of transgenic animal models for use in studying a myriad of diseases and biological states. By placing fluorescent reporters under the direct regulation of the promoter region of specific marker proteins, these models can localize and characterize very specific cell types. One important application of transgenic species is the study of the cytoarchitecture of the nervous system. Neurofluorescent reporters can be used to study the structural patterns of nerves in the central or peripheral nervous system in vivo, as well as phenomena involving embryologic or adult neurogenesis, injury, degeneration, and recovery. Furthermore, crucial molecular factors can also be screened via the transgenic approach, which may eventually play a major role in the development of therapeutic strategies against diseases like Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. This review describes currently available reporters and their uses in the literature as well as potential neural markers that can be leveraged to create additional, robust transgenic models for future studies.
重组 DNA 技术使转基因动物模型的发展成为可能，可用于研究无数疾病和生物状态。通过将荧光报告基因置于特定标记蛋白启动子区域的直接调控下，这些模型可以定位和表征非常特定的细胞类型。转基因物种的一个重要应用是研究神经系统的细胞结构。神经荧光报告基因可用于研究中枢或周围神经系统中神经的结构模式，以及涉及胚胎发生或成年神经发生、损伤、退化和恢复的现象。此外，还可以通过转基因方法筛选关键的分子因素，这些因素最终可能在开发针对阿尔茨海默病或帕金森病等疾病的治疗策略方面发挥重要作用。本文综述了目前可用的报告基因及其在文献中的应用，以及可用于创建更多稳健的转基因模型以进行未来研究的潜在神经标记物。
