H R Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India.
Nanotechnology. 2020 May 1;31(29):292001. doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab803e. Epub 2020 Mar 16.
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), impressive materials with enormous future potential, are reviewed from their inception, including different precursors. Considering the increasing burden of industrial and ecological bio-waste, there is an urgency to develop techniques which will convert biowaste into active moieties of interest. Amongst the various materials explored, we selectively highlight the use of potential carbon containing bioprecursors (e.g. plant-based, amino acids, carbohydrates), and industrial waste and its conversion into GQDs with negligible use of chemicals. This review focuses on the effects of different processing parameters that affect the properties of GQDs, including the surface functionalization, paradigmatic characterization, toxicity and biocompatibility issues of bioprecursor derived GQDs. This review also examines current challenges and s the ongoing exploration of potential bioprecursors for ecofriendly GQD synthesis for future applications. This review sheds further light on the electronic and optical properties of GQDs along with the effects of doping on the same. This review may aid in future design approaches and applications of GQDs in the biomedical and materials design fields.
石墨烯量子点 (GQDs) 是一种具有巨大未来潜力的引人注目的材料，从其起源开始进行了综述，包括不同的前体。考虑到工业和生态生物废物的负担不断增加，迫切需要开发将生物废物转化为感兴趣的活性基团的技术。在探索的各种材料中，我们选择性地强调了使用潜在的含碳生物前体（例如基于植物的、氨基酸、碳水化合物）和工业废物及其转化为 GQDs 的方法，其中几乎不使用化学物质。本综述重点介绍了不同处理参数对 GQDs 性质的影响，包括表面功能化、典型表征、生物前体衍生 GQDs 的毒性和生物相容性问题。本综述还研究了当前的挑战，并探讨了用于未来应用的环保 GQD 合成的潜在生物前体的探索。本综述进一步阐明了 GQDs 的电子和光学性质以及掺杂对其的影响。本综述可能有助于未来在生物医学和材料设计领域设计 GQDs 的方法和应用。
