Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 12;17(6):1847. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17061847.
The growing interest in spicy foods leads to the global demand for spices, particularly dried chili. This study aimed to assay both aflatoxin (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination using an integrative method of morphological identification, molecular detection, and chromatography analysis on dried chili provided from traditional and modern markets in Indonesia. The results showed that total fungal infection ranged from 1-408 × 10 CFU/g. Eighty percent of the chili obtained from both the traditional and the modern markets were infected by spp., in which 50% of the infections were identified as and . A complete set of targeted genes involved in AF production and OTA were detected in two isolates of and one isolate of , respectively. The levels of AFs B, B, and OTA in the contaminated dried chilies were in the range of 39.3-139.5 µg/kg, 2.6-33.3 µg/kg, and 23.7-84.6 µg/kg, respectively. In contrast, no AFs G and G were detected. This study showed that the fungal infection of Indonesian dried chili occurs both in the field and during storage; thus, it is suggested to implement good agricultural and handling processes.
对辛辣食物日益增长的兴趣导致了全球对香料的需求，特别是干辣椒。本研究旨在采用形态鉴定、分子检测和色谱分析相结合的综合方法，对印度尼西亚传统市场和现代市场提供的干辣椒进行黄曲霉毒素（AFs）和赭曲霉毒素 A（OTA）污染检测。结果表明，总真菌污染范围为 1-408×10 CFU/g。80%的干辣椒受到 spp. 的感染，其中 50%的感染被鉴定为 和 。在两个 和一个 的分离株中，分别检测到了一套完整的参与 AF 生产和 OTA 的目标基因。污染干辣椒中 AFs B、B 和 OTA 的含量范围分别为 39.3-139.5µg/kg、2.6-33.3µg/kg 和 23.7-84.6µg/kg。相比之下，没有检测到 AFs G 和 G。本研究表明，印度尼西亚干辣椒的真菌感染既发生在田间，也发生在储存过程中；因此，建议实施良好的农业和处理工艺。
