El Khoury André, Rizk Toufic, Lteif Roger, Azouri Hayat, Delia Marie-Line, Lebrihi Ahmed
Centre d'analyses et de Recherches, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth, Lebanon.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2008 Jun;46(6):2244-50. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.02.026. Epub 2008 Mar 7.
Five hundred and ten strains of filamentous fungi were isolated from Lebanese grapes during 2005 at veraison and harvesting periods. Four hundred eighty-seven isolates belonged to the Aspergillus spp. (95.5%) and 23 belonged to the Penicillium spp. (4.5%). Black aspergilli constituted 56.9% (52.2% Aspergillus niger aggregates, 2.9% Aspergillus japonicus and 1.8% Aspergillus carbonarius) while the isolation rate of Aspergillus flavus the none habitual member of grape mycobiota was 43.1% of the total Aspergillus spp. isolated. All isolates were tested for the ability to produce the Ochratoxin A (OTA) and the Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). A. carbonarius showed that it is the only species able to produce the OTA with a production ability of 100% and a maximum concentration reaching 8.38microg/g CYA. As for the aflatoxigenic ability, 43.4% of A. flavus isolates produced this mycotoxin with a maximum production reaching 22.6microg/g CYA while none of the other isolates showed a production capacity of this mycotoxin. Forty-seven samples of must produced from the collected grapes were also analyzed. None of these samples was contaminated by OTA at a detectable limit while 40% of these same samples were found to contain AFB1 with concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.46microgl(-1).
2005年在葡萄转色期和收获期从黎巴嫩葡萄中分离出510株丝状真菌。487株分离株属于曲霉属（95.5%），23株属于青霉属（4.5%）。黑曲霉占56.9%（黑曲霉聚集体占52.2%、日本曲霉占2.9%、炭黑曲霉占1.8%），而葡萄微生物群中不常见的黄曲霉的分离率占分离出的曲霉属总数的43.1%。对所有分离株进行了产生赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）和黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）能力的检测。炭黑曲霉显示它是唯一能够产生OTA的菌种，产生能力为100%，在查氏酵母膏琼脂培养基（CYA）上的最大浓度达到8.38μg/g。至于产黄曲霉毒素的能力，43.4%的黄曲霉分离株产生这种霉菌毒素，最大产量达到22.6μg/g CYA，而其他分离株均未显示出产生这种霉菌毒素的能力。还对从采集的葡萄中生产的47个葡萄汁样品进行了分析。这些样品中无一被OTA污染至可检测限，而这些相同样品中有40%被发现含有AFB1，浓度范围为0.01至0.46μg/L。
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