Redouté Minzière Virginie, Werner Denis, Schneider Daniela, Manganelli Manuela, Jung Balthasar, Weyermann Céline, Gassner Anne-Laure
Ecole des Sciences Criminelles, University of Lausanne, Bâtiment Batochime, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Forensic Science Laboratory, Kantonspolizei Aargau, Tellistrasse 85, 5000, Aarau, Switzerland.
J Forensic Sci. 2020 Jul;65(4):1102-1113. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.14314. Epub 2020 Mar 17.
Gunshot residue (GSR) analysis and their interpretation provide crucial information on a criminal investigation involving the use of firearms. To date, several approaches have been proposed for the implementation of a combined sampling and analysis of inorganic (IGSR) and organic GSR (OGSR). However, it is not clear at this stage if concurrent analyses of both types of residue might be detrimental to the analysis of IGSR currently applied in forensic laboratories. Thus, this work aims to compare and evaluate three different protocols for the combined collection and analysis of IGSR and OGSR. These methods, respectively, involve the use of a modified stub (with two halves, one for the detection of IGSR and the other for the analysis of OGSR); the sequential recovery of GSR with two stubs mounted with different adhesives (double-sided carbon tape and Tesa® TACK) and the sequential analysis of IGSR and OGSR from a single carbon stub following carbon deposition. The detection of IGSR was carried out using SEM-EDX, while OGSR analysis was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Obtained results for experiments performed using Geco Sinoxid ammunition indicated that sequential analysis was the most suitable protocol for the combined collection and analysis of both IGSR and OGSR. A higher number of inorganic (characteristic and consistent) particles and higher concentrations of ethylcentralite, N-nitrosodiphenylamine, diphenylamine, and nitroglycerin were recovered with this method.
枪击残留物（GSR）分析及其解读为涉及枪支使用的刑事调查提供了关键信息。迄今为止，已经提出了几种实施无机GSR（IGSR）和有机GSR（OGSR）联合采样与分析的方法。然而，现阶段尚不清楚同时分析这两种类型的残留物是否会对法医实验室目前应用的IGSR分析产生不利影响。因此，本研究旨在比较和评估三种不同的IGSR和OGSR联合采集与分析方案。这些方法分别包括使用改良的短柱（分为两半，一半用于检测IGSR，另一半用于分析OGSR）；使用安装有不同粘合剂（双面碳带和德莎®TACK）的两个短柱依次回收GSR，以及在碳沉积后从单个碳短柱上依次分析IGSR和OGSR。使用扫描电子显微镜-能谱仪（SEM-EDX）进行IGSR检测，而使用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UHPLC-MS/MS）进行OGSR分析。使用格科辛氧化弹药进行实验获得的结果表明，顺序分析是IGSR和OGSR联合采集与分析的最合适方案。用这种方法回收了更多数量的无机（特征性且一致）颗粒以及更高浓度的乙基亚硝基苯、N-亚硝基二苯胺、二苯胺和硝化甘油。
