Long-Term Outcomes of Thyroid Nodule AFIRMA GEC Testing and Literature Review: An Institutional Experience.

OBJECTIVE

To assess outcomes of thyroid nodules analyzed with the AFIRMA gene expression classifier (GEC) and to perform a comprehensive literature review.

STUDY DESIGN

Retrospective analysis of patients with thyroid nodules who underwent AFIRMA GEC testing at our institution.

SETTINGS

A tertiary care academic institution.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

We collected clinical outcomes for 416 thyroid nodules that were analyzed with AFIRMA GEC between 2011 and 2015, including long-term follow-up through 2019. We performed a comprehensive literature review.

RESULTS

The resection rate for nodules with "suspicious" GEC results was 85% with a positive predictive value of 37%. The resection rate for nodules with "benign" GEC results was 24% with a negative predictive value of 90%. The prevalence of thyroid malignancy in patients with thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology at our institution during this timeframe was 41%, thus lowering our negative predictive value. Mean follow-up duration for unresected nodules was 27.8 months. Our resection rates for nodules with "benign" GEC were among the highest reported in the literature.

CONCLUSIONS

Molecular marker testing of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology can aid in the surgical decision making by obviating the need for diagnostic surgery and/or guiding extent of resection. Patients with other indications for surgery may not benefit from such costly testing.