Department of Applied Biology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Agricultural Research Center, Ambo 37, Ethiopia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Mar 9;21(5):1878. doi: 10.3390/ijms21051878.
Spätzle family proteins activate the Toll pathway and induce antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production against microbial infections. However, the functional importance of spätzle4 () in the immune response of has not been reported. Therefore, here, we have identified and functionally characterized the role of against bacterial and fungal infections. We showed that expression was significantly induced in hemocytes at 6 h post-injection with , , and . knock-down significantly reduced larval survival against and To understand the reason for the survivability difference, the role of in AMP production was examined in -silenced larvae following microbe injection. The AMPs that are active against Gram-negative bacteria, including , , , , and , were significantly downregulated in response to in -silenced larvae. Similarly, the expression of , , and , , , and were downregulated in response to in -silenced larvae. In addition, the transcription factor NF-κB ( and expression was significantly suppression in -silenced larvae. In conclusion, these results suggest that plays a key role in regulating immune responses of against to and .
Spätzle 家族蛋白激活 Toll 途径，并诱导抗菌肽（AMP）产生，以抵抗微生物感染。然而，Spätzle4（）在 免疫反应中的功能重要性尚未报道。因此，在这里，我们鉴定并功能表征了 对细菌和真菌感染的作用。我们表明，在注射 、 、 和 后 6 小时，血细胞中的 表达显著诱导。 敲低显着降低了幼虫对 和 的存活率。为了了解生存能力差异的原因，在微生物注射后，研究了沉默幼虫中 Spätzle4 在 AMP 产生中的作用。对革兰氏阴性菌具有活性的 AMP，包括 、 、 、 、 和 ，在沉默的幼虫中对 反应时显着下调。同样， 、 、 、 、 、 和 的表达在沉默的幼虫中对 反应时下调。此外，转录因子 NF-κB（和 的表达在沉默的幼虫中显着抑制。总之，这些结果表明 对 抵抗 和 的免疫反应起着关键作用。
