School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China.
School of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China.
Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2019 Jun;33:105-110. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.05.004. Epub 2019 May 10.
Through evolution, selection pressures cause both insects and the pathogens attacking them to adapt so that they will both survive and this has been called the co-evolutionary 'arms race'. Insects expand their repertoire of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), a fundamental and core component of their immune systems, to adapt to the constantly changing and unpredictable diversity of pathogens. In this review, we discuss the diversity of PRRs based on studies conducted in recent years. The strategies associated with PRR diversity summarized here are genetic evolution, isoform diversity based on alternative splicing, 'part-time' PRRs, PRRs with opsonin function, and regulation of complex signaling pathways. Taken together, these data indicate that the function of PRRs in insect immunity is far more complex and possesses more features than originally thought.
通过进化，选择压力导致昆虫和攻击它们的病原体都适应了环境，从而使它们都能生存下来，这被称为共同进化的“军备竞赛”。昆虫扩展了它们的模式识别受体（PRRs）的 repertoire，这是它们免疫系统的基本和核心组成部分，以适应病原体不断变化和不可预测的多样性。在这篇综述中，我们根据近年来的研究讨论了 PRRs 的多样性。这里总结的与 PRR 多样性相关的策略包括遗传进化、基于选择性剪接的同工型多样性、“兼职”PRRs、具有调理功能的 PRRs 以及复杂信号通路的调节。综上所述，这些数据表明，PRRs 在昆虫免疫中的功能远比最初想象的复杂，具有更多的特征。
