Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Toxins (Basel). 2020 Mar 13;12(3):178. doi: 10.3390/toxins12030178.
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms compromise human and environmental health, mainly due to the cyanotoxins they often produce. Microcystins (MCs) are the most commonly measured group of cyanotoxins and are hepatotoxic, neurotoxic, and cytotoxic. Due to MCs ability to covalently bind to proteins, quantification in complex matrices is difficult. To analyze bound and unbound MCs, analytical methods were optimized for analysis in sediment and clam tissues. A clean up step was incorporated to remove lipids, improving percent yield. This method was then applied to sediment and clam samples collected from the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (Delta) in the spring and fall of 2017. Water samples were also tested for intracellular and extracellular MCs. These analyses were used to quantify the partitioning of MCs among sediment, clams, and water, and to examine whether MCs persist during non-summer months. Toxin analysis revealed that multiple sediment samples collected in the Delta were positive for MCs, with a majority of the positive samples from sites in the San Joaquin River, even while water samples from the same location were below detection limit. These data highlight the importance of analyzing MCs in complex matrices to accurately evaluate environmental risk.
有害的蓝藻水华危及人类和环境健康，主要是由于它们经常产生的蓝藻毒素。微囊藻毒素（MCs）是最常测量的一组蓝藻毒素，具有肝毒性、神经毒性和细胞毒性。由于 MCs 能够与蛋白质共价结合，因此在复杂基质中定量分析很困难。为了分析结合态和游离态的 MCs，对沉积物和贻贝组织中的分析方法进行了优化。加入了净化步骤以去除脂质，提高了产率。然后将该方法应用于 2017 年春季和秋季从萨克拉门托-圣华金河三角洲（三角洲）采集的沉积物和贻贝样本。还对水样进行了细胞内和细胞外 MCs 的检测。这些分析用于定量 MCs 在沉积物、贻贝和水中的分配情况，并检查 MCs 是否在非夏季月份存在。毒素分析表明，在三角洲采集的多个沉积物样本中 MCs 呈阳性，大多数阳性样本来自圣华金河的地点，即使同一地点的水样低于检测限。这些数据强调了在复杂基质中分析 MCs 以准确评估环境风险的重要性。
