School of Public Health, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd., 310F Ryals Public Health Building, Birmingham, AL 35205-0022, USA.
School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning and School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, PO Box 87537-5302, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 14;17(6):1894. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17061894.
Climate change has been referred to as an involuntary exposure, meaning people do not voluntarily put themselves at risk for climate-related ill health or reduced standard of living. The purpose of this study is to examine people's risk perceptions and related beliefs regarding (1) the likelihood of different risks occurring at different times and places and (2) collective (government) responsibility and personal efficacy in dealing with climate change, as well as (3) explore the ways in which climate risk may be amplified when posed against individual health and well-being. Previous research on this topic has largely focused on one community or one nation state, and so a unique characteristic of this study is the comparison between six different city (country) sites by their development and national wealth. Here, we collected 401 surveys from Phoenix (USA), Brisbane (Australia), Wellington (New Zealand), Shanghai (China), Viti Levu (Fiji), and Mexico City (Mexico). Results suggest that the hyperopia effect characterized the sample from each study site but was more pronounced in developed sites, suggesting that the more developed sites employ a broader perspective when approaching ways to mitigate their risk against climate-related health and well-being impacts.
气候变化被称为一种非自愿暴露，这意味着人们并非自愿地将自己置于与气候相关的健康不良或生活水平降低的风险之中。本研究的目的是考察人们对（1）不同风险在不同时间和地点发生的可能性，以及（2）集体（政府）责任和应对气候变化的个人效能的风险感知和相关信念，以及（3）探讨当气候风险与个人健康和福祉相冲突时，风险可能会放大的方式。此前关于这一主题的研究主要集中在一个社区或一个国家，因此本研究的一个独特特点是通过发展水平和国家财富对六个不同城市（国家）地点进行比较。在这里，我们从凤凰城（美国）、布里斯班（澳大利亚）、惠灵顿（新西兰）、上海（中国）、斐济的维提岛和墨西哥城（墨西哥）收集了 401 份调查。结果表明，远视效应是每个研究地点样本的特征，但在发达地区更为明显，这表明较发达地区在采取措施减轻与气候相关的健康和福祉影响方面，采用了更广泛的视角。
