Medical Entomology Group, Emergency Response Department, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Change and Health, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK.
Medical Entomology Group, Emergency Response Department, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK.
Lancet Infect Dis. 2015 Jun;15(6):721-30. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(15)70091-5. Epub 2015 Mar 23.
During the early part of the 21st century, an unprecedented change in the status of vector-borne disease in Europe has occurred. Invasive mosquitoes have become widely established across Europe, with subsequent transmission and outbreaks of dengue and chikungunya virus. Malaria has re-emerged in Greece, and West Nile virus has emerged throughout parts of eastern Europe. Tick-borne diseases, such as Lyme disease, continue to increase, or, in the case of tick-borne encephalitis and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever viruses, have changed their geographical distribution. From a veterinary perspective, the emergence of Bluetongue and Schmallenberg viruses show that northern Europe is equally susceptible to transmission of vector-borne disease. These changes are in part due to increased globalisation, with intercontinental air travel and global shipping transport creating new opportunities for invasive vectors and pathogens. However, changes in vector distributions are being driven by climatic changes and changes in land use, infrastructure, and the environment. In this Review, we summarise the risks posed by vector-borne diseases in the present and the future from a UK perspective, and assess the likely effects of climate change and, where appropriate, climate-change adaptation strategies on vector-borne disease risk in the UK. Lessons from the outbreaks of West Nile virus in North America and chikungunya in the Caribbean emphasise the need to assess future vector-borne disease risks and prepare contingencies for future outbreaks. Ensuring that adaptation strategies for climate change do not inadvertently exacerbate risks should be a primary focus for decision makers.
在 21 世纪的早期，欧洲媒介传播疾病的地位发生了前所未有的变化。入侵蚊子在欧洲广泛建立，随后传播和爆发了登革热和基孔肯雅病毒。疟疾在希腊重新出现，西尼罗河病毒出现在东欧的部分地区。莱姆病等蜱传疾病继续增加，或者在蜱传脑炎和克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒的情况下，其地理分布发生了变化。从兽医的角度来看，蓝舌病和沙姆林贝格病毒的出现表明北欧同样容易受到媒介传播疾病的传播。这些变化部分是由于全球化的加剧，洲际航空旅行和全球航运运输为入侵媒介和病原体创造了新的机会。然而，媒介分布的变化是由气候变化以及土地利用、基础设施和环境的变化驱动的。在这篇综述中，我们从英国的角度总结了目前和未来媒介传播疾病带来的风险，并评估了气候变化的可能影响，以及在适当的情况下，对英国媒介传播疾病风险的气候变化适应策略。北美西尼罗河病毒爆发和加勒比地区基孔肯雅热的教训强调了评估未来媒介传播疾病风险并为未来爆发做好准备的必要性。确保气候变化适应策略不会无意中加剧风险，应该是决策者的主要关注点。
