Kempisty David M, Summers R Scott, Abulikemu Gulizhaer, Deshpande Niranjan V, Rebholz Jacob A, Roberts Kelsey, Pressman Jonathan G
Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado - Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309.
Pegasus Technical Services, Inc., Cincinnati, OH 45219.
J Am Water Works Assoc. 2020 Mar 8;1(2). doi: 10.1002/aws2.1128.
The effectiveness of granular activated carbon (GAC) for carcinogenic volatile organic compounds (cVOCs) has not been evaluated in the low- to sub- microgram per liter range. Rapid small scale column tests (RSSCTs) were employed to determine the GAC performance at empty bed contact times (EBCTs) of 7.5 and 15 minutes for 13 cVOCs at a target influent concentration of 5 μg/L in a typical groundwater matrix. Breakthrough was assessed for vinyl chloride, dichloromethane, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane, carbon tetrachloride, 1,3-butadiene, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane, 1,2,3-trichloropropane, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene. The throughput to breakthrough was found to be linearly correlated to capacities calculated with single-solute equilibrium isotherm parameters. Modest decreases, 9 to 13% on average, in throughput to 50% and 75% breakthrough were found when the EBCT was increased from 7.5 to 15 minutes. The carbon use rate (CUR), when scaled to simulate full-scale adsorption, indicated that GAC would be a viable technology for seven of the VOCs evaluated, with a CUR threshold less than 0.2 lbs/1000 gal. It may be possible to use 1,1 DCA and 1,2 DCA as surrogates for assessing chemicals near the feasibility limit.
粒状活性炭（GAC）对致癌挥发性有机化合物（cVOCs）的有效性尚未在每升低至亚微克范围内进行评估。采用快速小规模柱试验（RSSCTs），在典型的地下水基质中，针对13种cVOCs，在空床接触时间（EBCTs）为7.5分钟和15分钟、目标进水浓度为5μg/L的条件下，测定GAC的性能。评估了氯乙烯、二氯甲烷、1,1 - 二氯乙烷、1,2 - 二氯乙烷、1,2 - 二氯丙烷、四氯化碳、1,3 - 丁二烯、1,1,1,2 - 四氯乙烷、1,2,3 - 三氯丙烷、三氯乙烯和四氯乙烯的穿透情况。发现达到穿透时的通量与用单溶质平衡等温线参数计算的容量呈线性相关。当EBCT从7.5分钟增加到15分钟时，发现通量在达到50%和75%穿透时平均适度下降9%至13%。碳使用率（CUR），按比例缩放以模拟全尺寸吸附时，表明GAC对于所评估的七种VOCs将是一种可行的技术，CUR阈值小于0.2磅/1000加仑。有可能使用1,1 - 二氯乙烷和1,2 - 二氯乙烷作为替代物来评估接近可行性极限的化学品。
