Abulikemu Gulizhaer, Speth Thomas F, Vogt Jeffrey A, Meyer Maria, Hong Ying, Pressman Jonathan G
Pegasus Technical Services, Inc., Cincinnati, OH 45219, United States of America.
Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States of America.
J Water Process Eng. 2022 Jun;47. doi: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.102773.
Utilities often test the effectiveness of different granular activated carbons (GACs) to determine which is most advantageous for their system. For surface water systems, in particular, the seasonal and annual variability of natural organic matter (NOM) in the source water makes it difficult to benchmark the effectiveness of GACs over multiple contract periods. This study produced stable, lyophilized NOM from the filtered water (FW), i.e., the influent to GAC contactors, which was then reconstituted (Recon) and tested against the FW itself in parallel rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCTs). The results demonstrated nearly identical NOM breakthrough profiles. RSSCTs conducted with both FW and Recon were shown to simulate the full-scale contactor performance well, while similar RSSCTs with regenerated GAC yielded a slightly earlier breakthrough, possibly due to the changes in GAC characteristics during regeneration and grinding. RSSCTs evaluating the removal of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in the presence of background NOM contained in FW and Recon showed slightly different results, possibly due to the difference in chloride concentrations of these two waters. This work validates that reconstituted lyophilized NOM can be used as a source water surrogate for GAC evaluations when the constituent of interest is NOM, and potentially for other constituents depending upon the influence of additional inorganic constituents that were not evaluated as part of this study.
公用事业公司经常测试不同颗粒活性炭（GAC）的有效性，以确定哪种对其系统最具优势。特别是对于地表水系统，源水中天然有机物（NOM）的季节性和年度变化使得难以在多个合同期内对GAC的有效性进行基准测试。本研究从过滤水（FW），即GAC接触器的进水，制备了稳定的冻干NOM，然后将其复溶（Recon），并在平行快速小尺度柱试验（RSSCT）中与FW本身进行对比测试。结果表明NOM穿透曲线几乎相同。用FW和Recon进行的RSSCT均显示能很好地模拟全尺寸接触器性能，而用再生GAC进行的类似RSSCT则出现稍早的穿透，这可能是由于再生和研磨过程中GAC特性的变化。在FW和Recon中所含背景NOM存在的情况下评估微囊藻毒素-LR（MC-LR）去除效果的RSSCT显示出略有不同的结果，这可能是由于这两种水的氯化物浓度不同。这项工作验证了，当感兴趣的成分是NOM时，复溶的冻干NOM可作为GAC评估的源水替代物，并且根据本研究未评估的其他无机成分的影响，可能也适用于其他成分。
