School of Pharmacy; University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Mar 16;21(6):2035. doi: 10.3390/ijms21062035.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a predictor of cardiovascular diseases, commonly associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the pathogenic mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. The aim of the study is to evaluate the oxidative status and inflammation in the heart of obese Zucker rats (OZRs) and lean Zucker rats (LZRs) at different ages. Morphological and morphometric analyses were performed in the heart. To study the oxidative status, the malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), protein oxidation, and antioxidant enzymes were measured in plasma and heart. To elucidate the inflammatory markers involved, immunohistochemistry and Western blot were performed for cellular adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. OZRs were characterized by hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. The obesity increased MDA and decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in plasma as well as in the heart, associated with cardiomyocytes hypertrophy. OxyBlot in plasma and in heart showed an increase of oxidativestate proteins in OZRs. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α expressions in OZRs were higher than those of LZRs. However, these processes did not induce apoptosis or necrosis of cardiomyocytes. Thus, MetS induces the lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant defense that leads to heart tissue changes and coronary inflammation.
代谢综合征（MetS）是心血管疾病的预测因子，通常与氧化应激和炎症有关。然而，其发病机制尚未完全阐明。本研究旨在评估不同年龄肥胖 Zucker 大鼠（OZRs）和 lean Zucker 大鼠（LZRs）心脏的氧化状态和炎症。对心脏进行形态学和形态计量学分析。为了研究氧化状态，在血浆和心脏中测量了丙二醛（MDA）、4-羟基壬烯醛（4-HNE）、蛋白质氧化和抗氧化酶。为了阐明涉及的炎症标志物，进行了细胞黏附分子和促炎细胞因子的免疫组织化学和 Western blot 分析。OZRs 的特征是高血压、高血脂、高血糖和胰岛素抵抗。肥胖增加了 MDA，并降低了血浆和心脏中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性，同时伴有心肌细胞肥大。OxyBlot 在血浆和心脏中显示氧化状态蛋白在 OZRs 中增加。OZRs 中血管细胞黏附分子-1、白细胞介素-6 和肿瘤坏死因子-α的表达高于 LZRs。然而，这些过程并没有诱导心肌细胞凋亡或坏死。因此，MetS 诱导脂质过氧化和抗氧化防御降低，导致心脏组织变化和冠状动脉炎症。
