Fonseca Jeferson F, Oliveira Maria Emilia F, Brandão Felipe Z, Batista Ribrio I T P, Garcia Alexandre R, Bartlewski Pawel M, Souza-Fabjan Joanna M G
Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Estrada Sobral/Groaíras, Km 4, CP D 10, CEP 62011000, Sobral, CE, Brazil.
Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
Reprod Fertil Dev. 2018 Jan;31(1):17-26. doi: 10.1071/RD18324.
Brazil has presented tremendous progress in non-surgical embryo transfer (NSET) in sheep and goats. New instruments and techniques for non-surgical embryo recovery (NSER) and NSET in small ruminants were implemented. Recent improvements include refinement of the protocols for cervical relaxation combining oestradiol-oxytocin-cloprostenol treatment at specific times before NSER in sheep; recipient goats do not require any hormonal drugs to induce cervical dilation and direct embryo transfer by the cervical route yields excellent results. Transrectal ovarian ultrasonography (B-mode but especially colour Doppler) have proven to be accurate methods to localise and enumerate corpora lutea and luteinised unovulated follicles in recipient and donor does and ewes. An array of new criteria for selecting superior animals for NSER and NSET (e.g. cervical mapping) have been developed by Brazilian researchers. Extensive studies on both technologies were initially conducted in commercial breeds of goats and sheep but have been gradually extended to some native breeds of sheep (germplasm conservation) and dairy goat operations. It is speculated that, in future, NSER and NSET may become methods of choice for caprine and ovine embryo recovery and transfer in Brazil, and then globally. Due primarily to the efficiency of NSET in goats, a novel interspecies (e.g. bovine) IVP method may soon be developed on a large scale. The Brazilian experience is an invaluable source of information and know-how promoting the replacement of conventional surgical assisted reproductive technologies with non-surgical procedures and hence supporting the rapid development of the embryo transfer industry in small ruminants.
巴西在绵羊和山羊的非手术胚胎移植（NSET）方面取得了巨大进展。实施了用于小型反刍动物非手术胚胎回收（NSER）和NSET的新仪器和技术。最近的改进包括优化了在绵羊NSER前特定时间联合使用雌二醇 - 催产素 - 氯前列醇进行宫颈松弛的方案；受体山羊不需要任何激素药物来诱导宫颈扩张，通过宫颈途径直接进行胚胎移植可产生优异的效果。经直肠卵巢超声检查（B超，尤其是彩色多普勒）已被证明是在受体和供体母羊及母山羊中定位和计数黄体及未排卵黄素化卵泡的准确方法。巴西研究人员制定了一系列用于选择NSER和NSET优质动物的新标准（例如宫颈测绘）。对这两种技术的广泛研究最初是在山羊和绵羊的商业品种中进行的，但已逐渐扩展到一些本地绵羊品种（种质保护）和奶山羊养殖。据推测，未来NSER和NSET可能会成为巴西乃至全球山羊和绵羊胚胎回收及移植的首选方法。主要由于山羊NSET的效率，一种新型的种间（例如牛）体外受精方法可能很快会大规模开发。巴西的经验是促进用非手术程序取代传统手术辅助生殖技术并因此支持小型反刍动物胚胎移植行业快速发展的宝贵信息和技术诀窍来源。
