Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University and University Hospital in Pilsen, Czech Republic.
Institute of Clinical and Experimental Dental Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic.
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2021 Jun;165(2):209-215. doi: 10.5507/bp.2020.009. Epub 2020 Mar 17.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the general and oral health status of a group of preterm one-year-old very low (VLBW) and extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants and make a comparison with full-term one-year-old normal birthweight infants (NBW).
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 102 one-year-old preterm VLBW and ELBW infants, and the data obtained were compared to 87 one-year-old full-term NBW infants. The infants' medical histories were obtained from hospital records and interviews with the mothers. The oral cavities of all infants were examined under the same conditions. The chi-square test, Pearson's chi-square test of independence and Mann-Whitney test were used for the statistical evaluation, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) estimates for variables significantly associated with oral findings were calculated.
Both perinatal variables (gestational age, mode of delivery, birthweight, Apgar score, resuscitation, orotracheal intubation and presence of intraoral pathology) and neonatal variables (antibiotic treatment and infections) had a significant association with prematurity, VLBW and ELBW. The one-year-old preterm VLBW and ELBW infants frequently suffered from general diseases, frequently received regular medication and had fewer erupted primary teeth; they also had a higher prevalence of developmental defects of the enamel and deformations of the hard palate.
This study confirmed anamnestic, medical and oral differences between one-year-old preterm VLBW and ELBW and full-term NBW infants.
本研究旨在评估一组 1 岁早产儿极低出生体重（VLBW）和超低出生体重（ELBW）婴儿的总体和口腔健康状况，并与同期足月、正常出生体重（NBW）婴儿进行比较。
采用横断面研究，纳入 102 名 1 岁早产儿 VLBW 和 ELBW 婴儿，并与 87 名同期足月、NBW 婴儿进行比较。通过查阅病历和对母亲进行访谈获取婴儿的病史资料，所有婴儿在相同条件下进行口腔检查。采用卡方检验、Pearson 卡方检验和 Mann-Whitney 检验进行统计学评估，P＜0.05 为差异有统计学意义。对与口腔检查结果有显著关联的变量进行相对危险度（RR）和 95%置信区间（CI）估计。
围产期变量（胎龄、分娩方式、出生体重、阿普加评分、复苏、经口气管插管和口腔内病理情况）和新生儿变量（抗生素治疗和感染）与早产、VLBW 和 ELBW 均有显著关联。1 岁早产儿 VLBW 和 ELBW 婴儿常患有全身性疾病，经常接受常规药物治疗，萌出的乳牙较少，釉质发育不全和硬腭畸形的发生率较高。
本研究证实了 1 岁早产儿 VLBW 和 ELBW 与足月、NBW 婴儿在病史、医学和口腔方面存在差异。
