Mayo Clinic Family Medicine Residency Program, Rochester, MN, USA.
Department of Family Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
J Immigr Minor Health. 2020 Aug;22(4):675-681. doi: 10.1007/s10903-020-00994-8.
Female Genital Mutilation or Cutting (FGM/C) is a human rights violation used to claim asylum in the US. We sought to understand the nature of these asylum requests. Analysis of 121 FGM/C-focused medical affidavits, and 132 legal case reports. Of 119 eligible affidavits analyzed, 84% were reportedly cut: 4.6% Type I, 84.6% Type II, 16.5% Type III. Average age: 9. Reported acute effects: bleeding (76.3%), infection (27.6%), shock (6.7%), broken bones (2.7%), and hospitalization (2.7%). Reported chronic issues: intercourse difficulty (81.7%), pregnancy complications (54.2%), chronic pain (42.4%), scarring (37.3%), urinary difficulty (31.8%). Psychological consequences included PTSD (72.4%), depression (65.9%), anxiety (51.1%), and lack of trust (10.1%). Co-occurring abuses included domestic violence (62.4%), forced marriage (46%), rape (33.3%), torture (33.3%), child marriage (31.3%), assault due to LGBTQ + status (2.9%). Women claiming asylum based on FGM/C report high rates of chronic health issues. Their histories suggest FGM/C co-occurs with other forms of gender-based violence.
女性外阴残割/切割（FGM/C）是一种侵犯人权的行为，被用于在美国申请庇护。我们试图了解这些庇护申请的性质。对 121 份关注女性外阴残割/切割的医疗宣誓书和 132 份法律案例报告进行了分析。在分析的 119 份符合条件的宣誓书中，据报道有 84%的人被切割：4.6%为 I 型，84.6%为 II 型，16.5%为 III 型。平均年龄为 9 岁。报告的急性影响包括出血（76.3%）、感染（27.6%）、休克（6.7%）、骨折（2.7%）和住院（2.7%）。报告的慢性问题包括性交困难（81.7%）、妊娠并发症（54.2%）、慢性疼痛（42.4%）、瘢痕（37.3%）、排尿困难（31.8%）。心理后果包括创伤后应激障碍（72.4%）、抑郁（65.9%）、焦虑（51.1%）和缺乏信任（10.1%）。同时发生的虐待行为包括家庭暴力（62.4%）、强迫婚姻（46%）、强奸（33.3%）、酷刑（33.3%）、童婚（31.3%）和因 LGBTQ+身份而遭受攻击（2.9%）。基于女性外阴残割/切割申请庇护的女性报告了很高的慢性健康问题发生率。她们的经历表明，女性外阴残割/切割与其他形式的性别暴力同时发生。
