Senior Medical Advisor, Physicians for Human Rights, Department of Family Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
Women's Holistic Health Initiative, Harlem United/URAM, The Nest Community Health Center, New York, NY, USA.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2021 Apr;153(1):3-10. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.13428. Epub 2020 Dec 22.
Female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C) is considered a human rights violation and is practiced all over the world. It has been used as a basis for seeking asylum in various countries, including in the USA since 1996, and the precedent-setting matter of Kissindja. Clinicians in the USA and elsewhere who perform asylum evaluations may be called upon to evaluate women who seek asylum based on their FGM/C status or risk. In this manuscript, we provide expert-informed best practices to conduct asylum evaluations based specifically on FGM/C. We review evidence-based history taking, physical examination unique to the population of women and girls affected by FGM/C, and consider the evaluation in the context of trauma-informed care.
Although general clinical skills often suffice to perform asylum evaluations, FGM/C represents a unique niche within the field of gynecological asylum evaluations and requires additional background knowledge and clinical competencies.
As this is a clinical review and does not involve patients or research subjects no ethical approval was sought or was necessary.
女性外阴残割或切割（FGM/C）被认为是一种侵犯人权的行为，在全世界范围内都有施行。自 1996 年以来，它已被用作在包括美国在内的多个国家寻求庇护的依据，这一先例是 Kissindja 案。在美国和其他地方进行庇护评估的临床医生可能会被要求根据女性的 FGM/C 状况或风险来评估寻求庇护的女性。在本文中，我们提供了专门针对 FGM/C 进行庇护评估的专家知情最佳实践。我们回顾了基于证据的病史采集、针对受 FGM/C 影响的女性和女孩群体的独特体格检查，并考虑了在创伤知情护理背景下的评估。
尽管通常一般临床技能足以进行庇护评估，但 FGM/C 在妇科庇护评估领域中代表了一个独特的领域，需要额外的背景知识和临床能力。
由于这是一篇临床综述，不涉及患者或研究对象，因此无需寻求或获得伦理批准。
