Department of Sociology and Social Research - University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
International Centre for Reproductive Health - Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
BMC Public Health. 2018 Jan 12;18(1):129. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-5000-6.
Migration flows of women from Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting practicing countries have generated a need for data on women potentially affected by Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting. This paper presents enhanced estimates for foreign-born women and asylum seekers in Italy in 2016, with the aim of supporting resource planning and policy making, and advancing the methodological debate on estimation methods.
The estimates build on the most recent methodological development in Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting direct and indirect estimation for Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting non-practicing countries. Direct estimation of prevalence was performed for 9 communities using the results of the survey FGM-Prev, held in Italy in 2016. Prevalence for communities not involved in the FGM-Prev survey was estimated using to the 'extrapolation-of-FGM/C countries prevalence data method' with corrections according to the selection hypothesis.
It is estimated that 60 to 80 thousand foreign-born women aged 15 and over with Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting are present in Italy in 2016. We also estimated the presence of around 11 to 13 thousand cut women aged 15 and over among asylum seekers to Italy in 2014-2016. Due to the long established presence of female migrants from some practicing communities Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting is emerging as an issue also among women aged 60 and over from selected communities. Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting is an additional source of concern for slightly more than 60% of women seeking asylum.
Reliable estimates on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting at country level are important for evidence-based policy making and service planning. This study suggests that indirect estimations cannot fully replace direct estimations, even if corrections for migrant socioeconomic selection can be implemented to reduce the bias.
女性割礼/切割实践国家的女性移民流动产生了对可能受女性割礼/切割影响的女性数据的需求。本文介绍了 2016 年意大利外国出生妇女和寻求庇护者的增强估计数，旨在支持资源规划和政策制定，并推进关于估计方法的方法学辩论。
这些估计数基于女性割礼/切割非实践国家的女性割礼/切割直接和间接估计的最新方法发展。使用 2016 年在意大利进行的 FGM-Prev 调查的结果，对 9 个社区进行了流行率的直接估计。对于未参与 FGM-Prev 调查的社区，使用“根据选择假设对 FGM/C 国家流行率数据进行外推的方法”来估计流行率，并进行修正。
据估计，2016 年意大利有 6 万至 8 万 15 岁及以上的外国出生女性割礼/切割。我们还估计，2014 年至 2016 年期间，大约有 11000 至 13000 名 15 岁及以上的割礼女性寻求庇护来到意大利。由于一些实践社区的女性移民长期存在，女性割礼/切割也成为一些选定社区 60 岁及以上女性的一个问题。在寻求庇护的女性中，略多于 60%的女性认为女性割礼/切割是一个额外的关注问题。
在国家一级获得关于女性割礼/切割的可靠估计数对于循证决策和服务规划非常重要。本研究表明，即使可以实施对移民社会经济选择的修正来减少偏差，间接估计也不能完全替代直接估计。
