Li Shihao, Li Fuhua
Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
Subcell Biochem. 2020;94:63-80. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-41769-7_3.
Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) are a type of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) which show broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi and viruses. In this chapter, we review the discovery and classification of this kind of antimicrobial peptide in crustaceans. The structure and function, as well as the mechanism of antibacterial and antiviral activities of ALFs will be summarized and discussed. We will then describe the expression and regulation of various ALF genes in different crustacean species. Finally, the application prospects of ALFs in drug development and disease-resistant genetic breeding will be pointed out and discussed. The review will also discuss several key questions such as the systematic classification and expression regulation of the ALF genes, as well as the future application of ALFs and ALF-derived peptides.
抗脂多糖因子（ALFs）是一类抗菌肽（AMP），对革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌、真菌和病毒具有广谱抗菌活性。在本章中，我们综述了这种抗菌肽在甲壳类动物中的发现和分类。将总结和讨论ALFs的结构与功能，以及其抗菌和抗病毒活性机制。然后，我们将描述不同甲壳类物种中各种ALF基因的表达和调控。最后，将指出并讨论ALFs在药物开发和抗病基因育种中的应用前景。本综述还将讨论几个关键问题，如ALF基因的系统分类和表达调控，以及ALFs和ALF衍生肽的未来应用。
