Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, 2538Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Department of Surgery, 2538Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Ear Nose Throat J. 2020 Nov;99(1_suppl):2S-7S. doi: 10.1177/0145561320914438. Epub 2020 Mar 19.
The first recorded myringotomy was in 1649. Astley Cooper presented 2 papers to the Royal Society in 1801, based on his observations that myringotomy could improve hearing. Widespread inappropriate use of the procedure followed, with no benefit to patients; this led to it falling from favor for many decades. Hermann Schwartze reintroduced myringotomy later in the 19th century. It had been realized earlier that the tympanic membrane heals spontaneously, and much experimentation took place in attempting to keep the perforation open. The first described grommet was made of gold foil. Other materials were tried, including Politzer's attempts with rubber. Armstrong's vinyl tube effectively reintroduced grommets into current practice last century. There have been many eponymous variants, but the underlying principle of creating a perforation and maintaining it with a ventilation tube has remained unchanged. Recent studies have cast doubt over the long-term benefits of grommet insertion; is this the end of the third era?
首例鼓膜切开术记录于 1649 年。阿斯特利·库珀（Astley Cooper）于 1801 年向英国皇家学会提交了 2 篇论文，其依据是他观察到鼓膜切开术可以改善听力。此后，该手术被广泛不恰当地使用，但对患者没有任何益处；这导致它在几十年间失宠。赫尔曼·施瓦茨（Hermann Schwartze）在 19 世纪后期重新引入了鼓膜切开术。人们早就意识到鼓膜会自行愈合，因此进行了大量实验试图保持鼓膜穿孔开放。首例描述的鼓膜切开刀由金箔制成。还尝试了其他材料，包括波利斯的橡胶尝试。阿姆斯特朗（Armstrong）的乙烯基管在上世纪有效地将鼓膜切开刀重新引入了当前的实践。有许多以他的名字命名的变体，但创建穿孔并通过通气管维持穿孔的基本原理保持不变。最近的研究对鼓膜切开刀插入的长期益处提出了质疑；这是否是第三个时代的终结？
