Junior Resident, Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Medical Officer, Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Indian J Public Health. 2020 Jan-Mar;64(1):4-10. doi: 10.4103/ijph.IJPH_172_19.
HIV serostatus disclosure plays an important role in reducing the risk of HIV transmission. However, its negative effects may include rejection, assault, separation, divorce, stigma, and discrimination.
This study was undertaken to find out the proportion of HIV-positive serostatus disclosure to any family member and different factors influencing disclosure among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA).
A cross-sectional study was conducted among all patients aged 18-49 years with confirmed HIV infection registered at the antiretroviral therapy center of a tertiary care hospital in eastern part of Uttar Pradesh, India, for the duration of 1 year, from July 2017 to June 2018.
Most of the respondents were aged 30-49 years (79.9%), male (63.2%), married (85.4%), rural residents (60.4%), Hindu (96.5%), literate (84%), employed/driver (61.8%), and belonged to lower/lower middle class (62.6%). The rate of disclosure of HIV-positive status to any family member was quite high in this study (238/288 or 82.6%), among which 92.9% (221/238) to the spouse only. The number of sexual partners before disclosure, educational status, and socioeconomic status of the respondents were found to be independent predictors of disclosure of HIV-positive status to any family member (P < 0.05).
This study indicates the need of giving more emphasis on creating awareness regarding the importance of HIV serostatus disclosure to any family member, especially to spouse, and encourage all PLWHA in the community to disclose their status. Effective strategies also need to be evolved that will target those not likely to disclose their status to anybody.
HIV 血清阳性状态的披露对于降低 HIV 传播风险起着重要作用。然而，它可能带来的负面影响包括被拒绝、袭击、分离、离婚、污名化和歧视。
本研究旨在了解 HIV 阳性血清状态向任何家庭成员披露的比例，以及不同因素对 HIV 感染者/艾滋病患者（PLWHA）披露情况的影响。
这是一项在印度北方邦东部一家三级保健医院的抗逆转录病毒治疗中心进行的 1 年时间（2017 年 7 月至 2018 年 6 月）的所有年龄在 18-49 岁之间、确诊 HIV 感染的患者进行的横断面研究。
大多数受访者年龄在 30-49 岁（79.9%），男性（63.2%），已婚（85.4%），农村居民（60.4%），印度教徒（96.5%），受过教育（84%），有工作/司机（61.8%），属于低收入/中下阶层（62.6%）。在这项研究中，向任何家庭成员披露 HIV 阳性状态的比例相当高（238/288 或 82.6%），其中 92.9%（221/238）仅向配偶披露。在披露之前的性伴侣数量、受教育程度和受访者的社会经济地位被发现是向任何家庭成员披露 HIV 阳性状态的独立预测因素（P<0.05）。
本研究表明，有必要更加重视提高对向任何家庭成员披露 HIV 血清阳性状态重要性的认识，特别是向配偶，鼓励社区中所有 PLWHA 披露自己的状态。还需要制定有效的策略，针对那些不太可能向任何人透露自己状况的人。
