Wujtewicz Magdalena, Dylczyk-Sommer Anna, Aszkiełowicz Aleksander, Zdanowski Szymon, Piwowarczyk Sebastian, Owczuk Radoslaw
Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Students' Scientific Society at the Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2020;52(1):34-41. doi: 10.5114/ait.2020.93756.
Over the past three months, the world has faced an unprecedented health hazard. The World Health Organization has announced a pandemic infection with an unknown species of coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. Spreading mainly through the droplet route, the virus causes mild symptoms in the majority of cases, the most common being: fever (80%), dry cough (56%), fatigue (22%) and muscle pain (7%); less common symptoms include a sore throat, a runny nose, diarrhea, hemoptysis and chills. A life-threatening complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection is an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which occurs more often in older adults, those with immune disorders and co-morbidities. Severe forms of the infection, being an indication for treatment in the intensive care unit, comprise acute lung inflammation, ARDS, sepsis and septic shock. The article presents basic information about etiology, pathogenesis and diagnostics (with particular emphasis on the importance of tomocomputer imaging), clinical picture, treatment and prevention of the infection. It goes on to emphasize the specific risks of providing anesthesiology and intensive care services. Due to the fact that effective causal treatment is not yet available and the number of infections and deaths increases day by day, infection prevention and strict adherence to recommendations of infection control organizations remain the basis for fighting the virus.
在过去三个月里，世界面临着前所未有的健康危机。世界卫生组织宣布出现了一种由名为严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的未知冠状病毒引起的大流行感染。该病毒主要通过飞沫传播，在大多数病例中会引起轻微症状，最常见的症状有：发热（80%）、干咳（56%）、乏力（22%）和肌肉疼痛（7%）；较不常见的症状包括咽痛、流涕、腹泻、咯血和寒战。SARS-CoV-2感染的一种危及生命的并发症是急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS），在老年人、免疫功能紊乱者和有合并症者中更常发生。严重的感染形式，即入住重症监护病房进行治疗的指征，包括急性肺部炎症、ARDS、脓毒症和脓毒性休克。本文介绍了有关该感染的病因、发病机制和诊断（特别强调计算机断层成像的重要性）、临床表现、治疗和预防的基本信息。文章接着强调了提供麻醉和重症监护服务的特定风险。由于尚未有有效的病因治疗方法，且感染和死亡人数日益增加，预防感染和严格遵守感染控制组织的建议仍然是抗击该病毒的基础。
