Departamento de Teoría e Historia de la Educación y Pedagogía Social, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Pirotecnia s/n, 41005 Sevilla, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 17;17(6):1966. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17061966.
The threat of depopulation in the rural areas making up what has become to be known as "empty Spain" is currently an extremely urgent national issue. Women are a fundamental pillar of rural sustainability, but the lack of decent living conditions has led to their mass exodus to the country's cities. We analysed the factors undermining their health and well-being, thus leading to their dissatisfaction and their subsequent desire to abandon the countryside for a better life. A mixed methodology was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques. For data collection, an ad hoc questionnaire was developed before being administered to members of the Rural Development Groups of the Celtiberian Highlands, while some of their number were also interviewed. Rural women experience personal dilemmas that prompt them to migrate. These include choosing between living in the place where they were born, close to their families and neighbours, and a decent productive job, the availability of basic services and a broader range of leisure opportunities, among other aspects. It is essential to acknowledge the socio-economic importance of women's work, to identify invisible burdens and their risks and to adopt measures that facilitate the reconciliation of work and family life.
农村地区人口减少的威胁，构成了所谓的“空心西班牙”，这是当前一个极其紧迫的国家问题。女性是农村可持续发展的重要支柱，但恶劣的生活条件导致她们大量涌入该国城市。我们分析了破坏她们健康和福祉的因素，从而导致她们不满，并随后渴望离开农村，追求更好的生活。本研究采用了混合方法，结合定性和定量数据收集技术。在对凯尔特伊比利亚高地农村发展小组的成员进行问卷调查之前，我们专门开发了一个问卷，同时对其中一些人进行了采访。农村妇女面临个人困境，促使她们迁移。这些困境包括在出生地、与家人和邻居一起生活、拥有体面的生产性工作、获得基本服务和更广泛的休闲机会等方面做出选择。必须承认妇女工作的社会经济重要性，确定无形负担及其风险，并采取措施促进工作与家庭生活的协调。
