School of Technology, Harbin University, Harbin 150086, China.
Heilongjiang Province Academy of Cold Area Build Research, Harbin 150080, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 17;17(6):1977. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17061977.
The design of elements which exert pivotal effects on leisurely physical activity (LPA) in open space is an important part of urban development. However, little research has been done about the influence and discrepancies of those elements in different types of open space. To research these issues and to guide the design of urban open space, a survey from 8 open spaces (2 curtilage, 2 neighborhood squares (NS), 2 parks, and 2 campus) is conducted and a questionnaire is administered. Simultaneous analysis of several groups (SASG) of Structure equation model (SEM) is used, and the effects and discrepancies are acquired. In addition to this situation, interval type 2 (IT2) fuzzy hybrid decision making model is proposed in the second analysis. In this framework, IT2 fuzzy decision-making trial, evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL), and IT2 fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) methods are used. The results show that the influence relationships between elements and LPA did exist in four groups. Another important conclusion is that there were discrepancies of influence among different space groups. Physical environment (PE) has the greatest influence on LPA in the curtilage, whereas facilities exert the most effect in NS group. Additionally, amenities only have significant impact in parks and facilities only exercise remarkable influence on duration on campus. In addition to them, it is also identified that key design elements are presented for different types of space and that design strategy is provided through 4 specific examples.
对户外休闲体力活动（LPA）有重要影响的元素的设计是城市发展的重要组成部分。然而，对于这些元素在不同类型的开放空间中的影响和差异，研究甚少。为了研究这些问题并指导城市开放空间的设计，对 8 个开放空间（2 个庭院、2 个邻里广场（NS）、2 个公园和 2 个校园）进行了调查，并进行了问卷调查。使用结构方程模型（SEM）的同时分析多个组（SASG），并获得效果和差异。除此之外，在第二次分析中还提出了区间型 2（IT2）模糊混合决策模型。在此框架中，使用 IT2 模糊决策试验、评价实验室（DEMATEL）和 IT2 模糊逼近理想解排序技术（TOPSIS）方法。结果表明，在四个组中，元素与 LPA 之间存在影响关系。另一个重要结论是，不同空间组之间的影响存在差异。物理环境（PE）对庭院中的 LPA 影响最大，而设施在 NS 组中影响最大。此外，便利设施仅在公园中具有显著影响，而设施仅对校园中的持续时间有显著影响。除此之外，还确定了不同类型的空间存在关键设计元素，并通过 4 个具体示例提供了设计策略。
