Health Education and Health Promotion Department, School of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
BMC Oral Health. 2020 Mar 19;20(1):82. doi: 10.1186/s12903-020-01072-z.
Poor oral hygiene can lead to serious diseases, such as periodontitis, tooth decay, pain and discomfort in teeth or gums, infections, and loss of teeth. In Iran, adults aged 50 y and older are a high-risk group for oral health problems, and this age group will grow in the coming decades. Despite increasing attention on healthy aging, there is relatively less emphasis on oral hygiene and health-related problems. The present study investigated the oral health status of Iranian adults using the oral health self-assessment questionnaire (OHQ) developed by the World Health Organization (WHO).
A population-based household survey of a sample of adults aged 18-65 y was conducted. In this study, the participants were recruited between May and October 2016 in Tabriz, Iran, and the study population was sampled using a multi-stage cluster sampling design. The WHO's OHQ for adults was used for measuring oral health status and oral hygiene behavior.
In total, 2310 respondents completed the survey. The mean age (SD) of the participants was 41.6(23.4) y. Males accounted for 48.8% of the participants. Of the 2310 respondents,187 (8.1%) individuals were edentulous, 152(20.7%) of whom were aged 51-65 y. Furthermore, 72.3% of those aged 51-65 y were dentate, and 50% of adults aged 51-65 y said they had 20 or more teeth. About one-third of the participants reported that they did not brush their teeth daily (23% of those aged 18-35 y,35.9% of those aged 36-50 y, and 44.6% for those aged 51-65 y). In the sample, 39.4% of individuals aged 18-35 y,34.1% of individuals aged 36-50 y, and 26.6% of individuals aged 51-65 y had visited a dentist less than 6 month ago. One-third of the participants consumed sweets and sugary drinks daily.
Although the majority of Iranian adults considered their oral health status good, only a small percentage of the sample visited their dentist regularly. Furthermore, visits to the dentist declined in accordance with increasing age, a time when the incidence of oral health problems may increase. Poor oral health may increase the risk of adverse health outcomes, particularly among the aging population.
口腔卫生不良会导致严重疾病，如牙周炎、龋齿、牙齿或牙龈疼痛不适、感染和牙齿缺失。在伊朗，50 岁及以上的成年人是口腔健康问题的高风险群体，而且这个年龄段的人口在未来几十年还会增长。尽管人们越来越关注健康老龄化，但对于口腔卫生和相关问题的重视相对较少。本研究使用世界卫生组织（WHO）开发的口腔健康自我评估问卷（OHQ）调查了伊朗成年人的口腔健康状况。
对 18-65 岁的成年人进行了一项基于人群的家庭调查。本研究于 2016 年 5 月至 10 月在伊朗大不里士进行，采用多阶段聚类抽样设计对研究人群进行抽样。采用 WHO 成人 OHQ 量表衡量口腔健康状况和口腔卫生行为。
共有 2310 名受访者完成了调查。参与者的平均年龄（标准差）为 41.6（23.4）岁。男性占参与者的 48.8%。在 2310 名受访者中，有 187 人（8.1%）无牙，其中 152 人（20.7%）年龄在 51-65 岁之间。此外，72.3%的 51-65 岁年龄组的人有牙齿，50%的 51-65 岁年龄组的人有 20 颗或更多牙齿。大约三分之一的参与者报告说他们没有每天刷牙（18-35 岁组的 23%，36-50 岁组的 35.9%，51-65 岁组的 44.6%）。在样本中，18-35 岁组的 39.4%、36-50 岁组的 34.1%和 51-65 岁组的 26.6%的人在过去 6 个月内去过牙医的次数少于 6 次。三分之一的参与者每天食用甜食和含糖饮料。
尽管大多数伊朗成年人认为自己的口腔健康状况良好，但只有一小部分样本定期去看牙医。此外，随着年龄的增长，去看牙医的次数减少，而此时口腔健康问题的发生率可能会增加。口腔健康状况不佳可能会增加不良健康结果的风险，尤其是在老龄化人口中。
