Page Amanda J, Christie Stewart, Symonds Erin, Li Hui
Vagal Afferent Research Group and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Nutrition, Diabetes & Gut Health, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
Vagal Afferent Research Group and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
Physiol Behav. 2020 Jun 1;220:112873. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112873. Epub 2020 Mar 16.
The circadian system plays an important role in the temporal regulation of metabolic processes as well as food intake to ensure energy efficiency. The 'master' clock is located within the superchiasmatic nucleus and receives input from the retina so that it can be entrained by the light:dark cycle. In turn, the master clock entrains other clocks in the central nervous system, including areas involved in energy homeostasis such as the arcuate nucleus, and the periphery (e.g. adipose tissue and the gastrointestinal tract). This master clock is reinforced by other zeitgebers such as the timing of food intake and activity. If these zeitgebers desynchronise, such as occurs in high fat diet-induced obesity or shift work conditions, it can lead to a misalignment of circadian clocks, disruption of metabolic processes and the development of metabolic disorders. The timing of food intake is a strong zeitgeber, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, and therefore time restricted feeding offers potential for the treatment of diet and shift work induced metabolic disorders. This review will focus on the role of the circadian system in food intake regulation and the effect of environment factors, such as high fat diet feeding or shift work, on the temporal regulation of food intake along with the benefits of time restricted feeding.
昼夜节律系统在代谢过程以及食物摄入的时间调节中发挥着重要作用，以确保能量效率。“主”时钟位于视交叉上核内，并接收来自视网膜的输入，以便它能够被昼夜明暗周期所调节。反过来，主时钟调节中枢神经系统中的其他时钟，包括参与能量稳态的区域，如弓状核，以及外周（如脂肪组织和胃肠道）。这个主时钟会受到其他授时因子的强化，如食物摄入时间和活动时间。如果这些授时因子不同步，比如在高脂饮食诱导的肥胖或轮班工作条件下发生的情况，就会导致昼夜节律时钟失调、代谢过程紊乱以及代谢疾病的发展。食物摄入时间是一个强大的授时因子，尤其是在胃肠道中，因此限时进食为治疗饮食和轮班工作引起的代谢紊乱提供了潜力。本综述将聚焦于昼夜节律系统在食物摄入调节中的作用，以及环境因素，如高脂饮食喂养或轮班工作，对食物摄入时间调节的影响，以及限时进食的益处。
