Li Xiaojun, Xu Xin, Liu Weihua, Li Xiuquan, Yang Xinming, Ru Zhengang, Li Lihui
School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Xinxiang, China.
Department of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2020 Mar 2;11:175. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00175. eCollection 2020.
Uncovering the genetic basis of yield-related traits is important for molecular improvement of wheat cultivars. In this study, a genome-wide association study was conducted using the wheat 55K genotyping assay and a diverse panel of 384 wheat genotypes. The accessions used included 18 founder parents and 15 widely grown cultivars with annual maximum acreages of over 667,000 ha, and the remaining materials were elite cultivars and breeding lines from several major wheat ecological areas of China. Field trials were conducted in five major wheat ecological regions of China over three consecutive years. A total of 460 significant loci were detected for eight yield-related traits. Forty-five superior alleles distributed over 31 loci for which differences in phenotypic values grouped by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) reached significant levels (P < 0.05) in nine or more environments, were detected; some of these loci were previously reported. Eleven of the 31 superior allele loci on chromosomes 4A, 5A, 3B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 5D, and 7D had pleiotropic effects. For example, AX-95152512 on 5D was simultaneously related to increased grain weight per spike (GWS) and decreased plant height (PH); AX-109860828 on 5B simultaneously led to a high 1,000-kernel weight (TKW) and short PH; and AX-111600193 on 4A was simultaneously linked to a high TKW and GWS, and short PH. The favorable alleles in each accession ranged from 2 to 30 with an average of 16 at the thirty-one loci in the population, and six accessions (Zhengzhou683, Suzhou7829, Longchun7, Ningmai6, Yunmai35 and Zhen7630) contained more than 27 favorable alleles. A significant association between the number of favorable alleles and yield was observed (r = 0.799, p < 0.0001), suggesting that pyramiding multiple QTL with marker-assisted selection may effectively increase yield of wheat. Furthermore, distribution of superior alleles in founder parents and widely grown cultivars was also discussed here. This study is useful for marker-assisted selection for yield improvement and dissecting the genetic mechanism of important cultivars in wheat.
揭示产量相关性状的遗传基础对于小麦品种的分子改良具有重要意义。在本研究中，利用小麦55K基因分型检测方法和由384个小麦基因型组成的多样化群体进行了全基因组关联研究。所使用的材料包括18个原始亲本和15个年最大种植面积超过66.7万公顷的广泛种植品种，其余材料为来自中国几个主要小麦生态区的优良品种和育种系。连续三年在中国五个主要小麦生态区进行了田间试验。共检测到与8个产量相关性状相关的460个显著位点。检测到分布在31个位点上的45个优异等位基因，这些位点基于单核苷酸多态性（SNP）分组的表型值差异在9个或更多环境中达到显著水平（P < 0.05）；其中一些位点此前已有报道。位于4A、5A、3B、5B、6B、7B、5D和7D染色体上的31个优异等位基因位点中有11个具有多效性。例如，5D染色体上的AX-95152512同时与每穗粒重（GWS）增加和株高（PH）降低有关；5B染色体上的AX-109860828同时导致千粒重（TKW）高和PH短；4A染色体上的AX-111600193同时与高TKW和GWS以及短PH相关。群体中每个材料的优异等位基因数量在2到30个之间，在这31个位点上平均为16个，6个材料（郑州683、苏州7829、龙春7、宁麦6、云麦35和镇7630）含有超过27个优异等位基因。观察到优异等位基因数量与产量之间存在显著关联（r = 0.799，p < 0.0001），这表明利用标记辅助选择聚合多个数量性状位点（QTL）可能有效提高小麦产量。此外本文还讨论了优异等位基因在原始亲本和广泛种植品种中的分布情况。本研究对于利用标记辅助选择提高产量以及剖析小麦重要品种的遗传机制具有重要意义。
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