and are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related genes that facilitate squamous cell lung cancer progression.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC) are smoking-related diseases. However, the connection between the two is poorly understood. Microarray gene expression profiles in bronchial epithelium from patients with SCC with or without COPD were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus repository. Differentially expressed genes associated with COPD and SCC were identified and visualized using the Advanced Network Merger module in Cytoscape. COPD-associated genes in SCC progression were further identified using the BisoGenet plug-in in Cytoscape. The genetic interaction network was predicted using the Network Analysis function. Heat shock protein 90 α family class A member 1 (), adrenoceptor β2 (), transducin β like 1 X-linked receptor 1 () and heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 () were identified to be differentially expressed in SCC and COPD cases. The overall survival rate associated with the gene signatures was investigated using clinical samples from patients with SCC and COPD from the PROGgene database. The results suggest that the pathogenesis of SCC caused by COPD is regulated by and . These genes may serve as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of patients with COPD-related SCC.