Hardy Teresa L D, Boliek Carol A, Aalto Daniel, Lewicke Justin, Wells Kristopher, Rieger Jana M
Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Canada.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2020 Apr 27;63(4):931-947. doi: 10.1044/2019_JSLHR-19-00387. Epub 2020 Mar 20.
Purpose The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to identify a set of communication-based predictors (including both acoustic and gestural variables) of masculinity-femininity ratings and (b) to explore differences in ratings between audio and audiovisual presentation modes for transgender and cisgender communicators. Method The voices and gestures of a group of cisgender men and women ( = 10 of each) and transgender women ( = 20) communicators were recorded while they recounted the story of a cartoon using acoustic and motion capture recording systems. A total of 17 acoustic and gestural variables were measured from these recordings. A group of observers ( = 20) rated each communicator's masculinity-femininity based on 30- to 45-s samples of the cartoon description presented in three modes: audio, visual, and audio visual. Visual and audiovisual stimuli contained point light displays standardized for size. Ratings were made using a direct magnitude estimation scale without modulus. Communication-based predictors of masculinity-femininity ratings were identified using multiple regression, and analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of presentation mode on perceptual ratings. Results Fundamental frequency, average vowel formant, and sound pressure level were identified as significant predictors of masculinity-femininity ratings for these communicators. Communicators were rated significantly more feminine in the audio than the audiovisual mode and unreliably in the visual-only mode. Conclusions Both study purposes were met. Results support continued emphasis on fundamental frequency and vocal tract resonance in voice and communication modification training with transgender individuals and provide evidence for the potential benefit of modifying sound pressure level, especially when a masculine presentation is desired.
目的 本研究有两个目的：（a）确定一组基于沟通的预测因素（包括声学和手势变量），用于评估男性气质 - 女性气质等级；（b）探讨跨性别者和顺性别者在音频和视听呈现模式下评分的差异。方法 使用声学和动作捕捉记录系统，记录一组顺性别男性和女性（各10名）以及跨性别女性（20名）讲述一幅卡通故事时的声音和手势。从这些记录中测量了总共17个声学和手势变量。一组观察者（20名）根据以三种模式呈现的30至45秒卡通描述样本对每个沟通者的男性气质 - 女性气质进行评分：音频、视觉和视听。视觉和视听刺激包含标准化大小的点光显示。使用无模数的直接量级估计量表进行评分。使用多元回归确定男性气质 - 女性气质评分的基于沟通的预测因素，并使用方差分析确定呈现模式对感知评分的影响。结果 基频、平均元音共振峰和声压级被确定为这些沟通者男性气质 - 女性气质评分的重要预测因素。沟通者在音频模式下的评分比视听模式下显著更具女性气质，而在仅视觉模式下评分不可靠。结论 两个研究目的均达成。结果支持在跨性别个体的语音和沟通修正训练中继续强调基频和声道共振，并为调整声压级的潜在益处提供了证据，特别是当期望呈现男性化特征时。
