PinneyAssociates, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Addiction. 2020 Oct;115(10):1924-1931. doi: 10.1111/add.15060. Epub 2020 Apr 20.
Cigarette smoking often results in nicotine dependence. With use of electronic cigarettes as an alternative source of nicotine, it is important to assess dependence associated with e-cigarette use. This study assesses dependence among current and former adult e-cigarette users on cigarettes and e-cigarettes, compared with dependence on cigarettes.
Cross-sectional data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study from 2013-2016. Psychometrically assessed dependence was compared for cigarettes and e-cigarettes among current and former exclusive and dual users of the products and among e-cigarette users who had and had not recently stopped smoking. Setting A population-based representative sample of US adults. Participants Participants were 13 311 US adults (18+) in Waves 1-3 of PATH reporting current established smoking, current use of e-cigarettes, or stopping use of either product in the past year who were administered dependence assessments for cigarettes and/or e-cigarettes. Measurements A 16-item scale assessing tobacco dependence (on a 1-5 scale), previously validated for assessment and comparison of dependence on varied tobacco products, including cigarettes and e-cigarettes, with a variation assessing residual dependence among users who stopped in the past year. Findings Among current users, dependence on e-cigarettes was significantly lower than dependence on cigarettes, in within-subjects comparisons among dual users of both e-cigarettes and cigarettes (1.58 [SE = 0.05] vs. 2.76 [0.04]), P < 0.0001), and in separate groups of e-cigarette users and cigarette smokers (1.95 [0.05] vs. 2.52 [0.02], P < 0.0001), and among both daily and non-daily users of each product. Among former users, residual symptoms were significantly lower for e-cigarettes than cigarettes, both among former dual users (1.23 [0.07] vs. 1.41 [0.06], P < 0.001) and among users of one product (1.28 [0.03] vs. 1.53 [0.03], P < 0.0001). The highest level of e-cigarette dependence was among e-cigarette users who had stopped smoking (2.17 [0.08]). Conclusion Use of e-cigarettes appears to be consistently associated with lower nicotine dependence than cigarette smoking.
吸烟通常会导致尼古丁依赖。由于电子烟作为尼古丁的替代来源，评估与电子烟使用相关的依赖情况非常重要。本研究评估了当前和曾经使用电子烟的成年电子烟使用者在香烟和电子烟方面的依赖程度，以及与香烟相比。
2013-2016 年人口烟草和健康评估 (PATH) 研究的横断面数据。对当前和曾经专门使用产品以及最近停止使用任何一种产品的电子烟使用者的香烟和电子烟依赖进行了心理测量评估。设置：美国成年人的基于人群的代表性样本。参与者：13311 名美国成年人（18 岁及以上）参加了 PATH 的第 1-3 波调查，报告称当前已建立吸烟、当前使用电子烟或在过去一年中停止使用任何一种产品，他们接受了对香烟和/或电子烟依赖的评估。测量：评估烟草依赖的 16 项量表（1-5 分制），之前已针对包括香烟和电子烟在内的各种烟草产品的评估和比较进行了验证，同时评估了过去一年中停止使用的使用者中残留依赖的情况。结果：在当前使用者中，与香烟相比，电子烟的依赖性明显较低，在同时使用电子烟和香烟的双重使用者中进行的自身比较中（1.58 [SE=0.05] 与 2.76 [0.04]，P<0.0001），以及在电子烟使用者和香烟吸烟者的单独组中（1.95 [0.05] 与 2.52 [0.02]，P<0.0001），以及在每种产品的每日和非每日使用者中。在以前的使用者中，电子烟的残留症状明显低于香烟，在以前的双重使用者中（1.23 [0.07] 与 1.41 [0.06]，P<0.001）和在一种产品的使用者中（1.28 [0.03] 与 1.53 [0.03]，P<0.0001）。电子烟使用者中最高的电子烟依赖程度是那些已经戒烟的人（2.17 [0.08]）。结论：电子烟的使用似乎与吸烟相比，始终与较低的尼古丁依赖相关。
