Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France.
Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France.
Phytochemistry. 2020 Jun;174:112312. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112312. Epub 2020 Mar 18.
The invasive species Spartina anglica arose in Europe by a cross between the Afro-European species S. maritima (native, paternal ancestor) and the introduced North American S. alterniflora (invasive, maternal ancestor). Aqueous methanolic extracts were prepared from plant tissue for chemotaxonomical comparison between the three species and determination of the phenolic pattern inheritance in S. anglica. A total of 20 phenolic compounds were detected in the aerial tissues of S. anglica and S. alterniflora, but only seven in S. maritima. They were isolated from their respective crude extracts, and their structures were determined according to spectroscopic data analysis and chemical evidence. They all belong to the flavonoid class, with 13 of them identified as C-glycoflavonoid and seven as O-glycoflavonoid. All these products were detected for the first time from S. anglica, fourteen of them for the first time from S. alterniflora, and three of them for the first time from S. maritima. The individual concentrations in the three species were determined by quantitative HPLC. The two parental species were found to differ markedly in their foliar phenolic fingerprint, whereas that of S. anglica showed a clear maternal dominance. Eight of the fourteen major compounds identified were of maternal origin among which, six were over-expressed, only three were from paternal origin but under-regulated, while two originated from the two parents. As far as we know, this work represents the first exhaustive report of the phenolic fingerprints of S. alterniflora and S. anglica and of the phenolic pattern inheritance in S. anglica. The similarity in the phenolic chemistry of the introduced and invasive S. alterniflora to its progeny could play a role in the physiological vigour and invasion success of S. anglica. This work provide a foundation for further studies, considering the reported biological activities of C-glycosidic flavonoids and tricin derivatives, and the lack of knowledge of the ecological chemistry of the genus Spartina.
外来入侵物种英国盐角草是由欧洲种盐地碱蓬（父本祖先）和引入的北美互花米草（母本祖先）杂交产生的。为了进行化学分类比较并确定英国盐角草中酚类模式的遗传，从植物组织中制备了水-甲醇提取物。在英国盐角草和互花米草的地上组织中检测到 20 种酚类化合物，但在盐地碱蓬中仅检测到 7 种。从它们各自的粗提取物中分离出这些化合物，并根据光谱数据分析和化学证据确定其结构。它们都属于类黄酮类，其中 13 种被鉴定为 C-糖基黄酮，7 种为 O-糖基黄酮。所有这些产物均首次从英国盐角草中检测到，其中 14 种首次从互花米草中检测到，3 种首次从盐地碱蓬中检测到。通过定量 HPLC 确定了三种植物中的个体浓度。发现两个亲本种在叶酚指纹图谱上差异显著，而英国盐角草则表现出明显的母性优势。在所鉴定的 14 种主要化合物中，有 8 种来自母本，其中 6 种表达上调，3 种来自父本但表达下调，而 2 种则来自双亲。据我们所知，这项工作首次全面报告了互花米草和英国盐角草的酚类指纹图谱以及英国盐角草中酚类模式的遗传。引入的和入侵的互花米草与后代在酚化学上的相似性可能在英国盐角草的生理活力和入侵成功中发挥作用。考虑到 C-糖苷黄酮和三嗪衍生物的报道的生物活性以及对盐角草属生态化学的了解不足，这项工作为进一步的研究提供了基础。
