Nagpal Prashant, Agrawal Mukta D, Saboo Sachin S, Hedgire Sandeep, Priya Sarv, Steigner Michael L
Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Department of Radiology, Non-invasive Cardiovascular Imaging, Brigham and Women Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Insights Imaging. 2020 Mar 20;11(1):51. doi: 10.1186/s13244-020-00855-w.
The aortic pathologies are well recognized on imaging. However, conventionally cardiac and proximal aortic abnormalities were only seen on dedicated cardiac or aortic studies due to need for ECG gating. Advances in CT technology have allowed motionless imaging of the chest and abdomen, leading to an increased visualization of cardiac and aortic root diseases on non-ECG-gated imaging. The advances are mostly driven by high pitch due to faster gantry rotation and table speed. The high-pitch scans are being increasingly used for variety of clinical indications because the images are free of motion artifact (both breathing and pulsation) as well as decreased radiation dose. Recognition of aortic root pathologies may be challenging due to lack of familiarity of radiologists with disease spectrum and their imaging appearance. It is important to recognize some of these conditions as early diagnosis and intervention is key to improving prognosis. We present a comprehensive review of proximal aortic anatomy, pathologies commonly seen at the aortic root, and their imaging appearances to familiarize radiologists with the diseases of this location.
主动脉病变在影像学上已得到充分认识。然而，传统上，由于需要心电图门控，心脏和近端主动脉异常仅在专门的心脏或主动脉检查中才能看到。CT技术的进步使得能够对胸部和腹部进行静止成像，从而在非心电图门控成像中增加了对心脏和主动脉根部疾病的可视化。这些进步主要是由高螺距驱动的，这得益于更快的机架旋转速度和检查床速度。高螺距扫描正越来越多地用于各种临床指征，因为图像没有运动伪影（呼吸和搏动伪影），并且辐射剂量降低。由于放射科医生对疾病谱及其影像学表现缺乏熟悉，识别主动脉根部病变可能具有挑战性。认识到其中一些情况很重要，因为早期诊断和干预是改善预后的关键。我们对近端主动脉解剖结构及其在主动脉根部常见的病变以及它们的影像学表现进行了全面综述，以使放射科医生熟悉该部位的疾病。
