State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
Department of Soil Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 May;27(15):18510-18520. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-08335-w. Epub 2020 Mar 20.
The introduction of biochar has been extensively tested under short-term greenhouse or field studies mainly in sandy or acidic soils, while its effects on soil properties, crop plants, and weed species especially in neutral or alkaline soils are still not well understood. Therefore, this study focused on relatively long effects of two walnut shell biochars (5 t ha) on soil nutrient dynamics, two crop plants (wheat and lentil) growth and developments, and weed growth dynamics over 4 years (2014-2017). Applied biochar added once at the beginning of the experiment while planted crops were supplied with macro-nutrients and sprayed with pesticides according to conventional requirements of the region. Biochars improved soil properties by 10-23% during the first and second years while positive effects of biochars on weed growth were drastically higher (60-78% higher weed density) during the whole period of this study most likely due to increase in bioavailability of nutrient shortly after biochar amendment and indirect positive effects of biochars on soil physical properties as well. Consequently, biochar macro- and micro-nutrient will be utilized by weed plants with higher efficacy compared with crop plants.
生物炭的引入已经在短期温室或田间研究中得到了广泛的测试，主要是在沙质或酸性土壤中，而其对土壤性质、作物和杂草物种的影响，特别是在中性或碱性土壤中，仍然了解得不够充分。因此，本研究主要关注两种核桃壳生物炭（5 吨/公顷）在中性或碱性土壤中相对较长时间的影响，包括对土壤养分动态、两种作物（小麦和扁豆）生长发育以及杂草生长动态的影响，研究时间为 4 年（2014-2017 年）。生物炭在实验开始时一次性施用，而种植的作物则根据该地区的常规要求提供大量养分并喷洒农药。生物炭在头两年提高了土壤性质 10-23%，而在整个研究期间，生物炭对杂草生长的积极影响要高得多（杂草密度高 60-78%），这很可能是由于生物炭改良后营养物质的生物可利用性增加，以及生物炭对土壤物理性质的间接积极影响所致。因此，与作物植物相比，杂草植物会更有效地利用生物炭的宏量和微量养分。
