Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary.
Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary.
Sci Total Environ. 2016 Sep 1;563-564:855-65. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.091. Epub 2016 Feb 2.
Biochar produced from a wide range of organic materials by pyrolysis has been reported as a means to improve soil physical properties, fertility and crop productivity. However, there is a lack of studies on the complex effects of biochar both on the degraded sandy soil physico-chemical properties and the soil biota as well as on toxicity, particularly in combined application with fertilizer and compost. A 7-week microcosm experiment was conducted to improve the quality of an acidic sandy soil combining variations in biochar types and amounts, compost and fertilizer application rates. The applied biochars were produced from different feedstocks such as grain husks, paper fibre sludge and wood screenings. The main purpose of the microcosm experiment was to assess the efficiency and applicability of different biochars as soil amendment prior to field trials and to choose the most efficient biochar to improve the fertility, biological activity and physical properties of acidic sandy soils. We complemented the methodology with ecotoxicity assessment to evaluate the possible risks to the soil as habitat for microbes, plants and animals. There was clear evidence of biochar-soil interactions positively affecting both the physico-chemical properties of the tested acidic sandy soil and the soil biota. Our results suggest that the grain husk and the paper fibre sludge biochars applied to the tested soil at 1% and 0.5 w/w% rate mixed with compost, respectively can supply a more liveable habitat for plants and soil living animals than the acidic sandy soil without treatment.
生物炭是通过热解各种有机材料制成的，已被报道为改善土壤物理性质、肥力和作物生产力的一种手段。然而，关于生物炭对退化沙质土壤理化性质和土壤生物群以及毒性的复杂影响的研究还很少，特别是在与肥料和堆肥联合应用的情况下。本研究开展了为期 7 周的微宇宙实验，通过改变生物炭类型和用量、堆肥和肥料施用量来改善酸性沙质土壤的质量。应用的生物炭是由不同的原料制成的，如谷物壳、纸纤维污泥和木材筛屑。微宇宙实验的主要目的是评估不同生物炭作为田间试验前土壤改良剂的效率和适用性，并选择最有效的生物炭来提高酸性沙质土壤的肥力、生物活性和物理性质。我们还补充了生态毒性评估方法，以评估土壤作为微生物、植物和动物栖息地的可能风险。生物炭-土壤相互作用的证据清楚地表明，生物炭对测试酸性沙质土壤的物理化学性质和土壤生物群均有积极影响。研究结果表明，与未处理的酸性沙质土壤相比，分别以 1%和 0.5 w/w%的比例添加到土壤中的谷壳和纸纤维污泥生物炭与堆肥混合，可以为植物和土壤生物提供更适宜生存的栖息地。
