Neuromusculoskeletal Mechanics Research Program, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H9 AB, Canada.
Neuromusculoskeletal Mechanics Research Program, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2H9 AB, Canada.
J Theor Biol. 2020 Jun 21;495:110251. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110251. Epub 2020 Mar 19.
Muscle is typically modelled using a lump sum idealization, scaling a single fascicle to represent the entire muscle. However, fascicles within a muscle have unique orientations, which could result in forces exerted not only in the axis running along the tendon, but also the two perpendicular axes, describing the muscle's width and depth. The purpose of this research was to develop a geometric-based model of the soleus, medial gastrocnemius, and lateral gastrocnemius as distributed force systems which can predict three-dimensional forces. Measurements were taken from the triceps surae in two human cadavers (80 and 85 years old). These models predicted muscle volumes and ankle plantar flexor moments that were realistic considering the age of the cadavers. Small differences were observed in calcaneal tendon force and moment for the distributed force models compared to modelling muscle force using a lump sum idealization. The major finding of the distributed force models was that forces were present in the axes corresponding to the muscle's length, width, and depth. The forces in the width and depth axes may be relevant for evaluating how muscle shape changes during contraction, as well as to investigate stress-strain patterns along the muscle's proximal and distal aponeuroses.
肌肉通常采用整体理想化模型，将单个肌束缩放为整个肌肉来表示。然而，肌肉内的肌束具有独特的方向，这可能导致力不仅在沿着肌腱延伸的轴线上施加，而且还在两个垂直轴线上施加，这两个轴分别描述了肌肉的宽度和深度。本研究的目的是开发比目鱼肌、内侧腓肠肌和外侧腓肠肌的基于几何的分布力系统模型，以预测三维力。在两个人体尸体（80 岁和 85 岁）上进行了测量。考虑到尸体的年龄，这些模型预测的肌肉体积和踝关节跖屈力矩是现实的。与使用整体理想化模型来模拟肌肉力相比，分布力模型的跟腱力和力矩的差异很小。分布力模型的主要发现是，在与肌肉长度、宽度和深度对应的轴上存在力。在宽度和深度轴上的力可能与评估肌肉在收缩过程中形状如何变化以及研究肌肉近端和远端腱膜上的应力-应变模式有关。
