Soltaninejad Nasibe, Jalilevand Nahid, Kamali Mohammad, Mohamadi Reyhane
Department of Speech and Language Pathology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Speech and Language Pathology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2020 Jun;133:110009. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110009. Epub 2020 Mar 16.
Cochlear implanted (CI) children have problems in most aspects of language and in particular with regards to grammar. Considering the lack of studies in the field of grammar treatment in CI children and bearing in the mind that CI children have the potential to develop language, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of treating grammar in CI children using a treatment grammar program.
first, the literature related to grammar were reviewed so as to extract different grammatical components for developing grammar treatment program and to make sentences for each element as well as to compile a manual for its implementation. Second, the validity of the sentences was examined using the Delphi method. Third, grammar treatment was performed on five CI children. Persian Developmental Sentence Scoring(PDSS) and Mean Length of Utterance(MLU) were used to evaluate them before and after treatment.
Five grammatical classes were extracted, and the grammatical elements were classified in each category according to age. For all of the grammatical items, 2076 sentences were constructed. After applying the Delphi method, a total of 1936 sentences with Kendall's coefficient of concordance (W) of 71%, remained. Using this program, grammar treatment was effective in all five children. The PDSS and MLU increased in all five children during the treatment phase, which was confirmed by Percentage of Non-overlapping Data (PND), Improvement Rate Difference (IRD). During the follow-up period, the children showed that they were able to maintain the trained components.
Cochlear implants have the potential to learn language skills, and the present study confirms their ability to learn grammar, using a comprehensive grammar treatment program.
接受人工耳蜗植入（CI）的儿童在语言的大多数方面都存在问题，尤其是在语法方面。鉴于在CI儿童语法治疗领域缺乏研究，并且考虑到CI儿童具有发展语言的潜力，本研究的目的是调查使用语法治疗程序对CI儿童进行语法治疗的效果。
首先，对与语法相关的文献进行综述，以提取不同的语法成分来制定语法治疗方案，为每个元素造句，并编写实施手册。其次，使用德尔菲法检验句子的有效性。第三，对五名CI儿童进行语法治疗。使用波斯语发展性句子评分（PDSS）和平均语句长度（MLU）在治疗前后对他们进行评估。
提取了五个语法类别，并根据年龄将语法元素分类到每个类别中。对于所有语法项目，共构建了2076个句子。应用德尔菲法后，共保留了1936个句子，肯德尔和谐系数（W）为71%。使用该方案，语法治疗对所有五名儿童均有效。在治疗阶段，所有五名儿童的PDSS和MLU均有所增加，这通过非重叠数据百分比（PND）、改善率差异（IRD）得到证实。在随访期间，儿童表明他们能够保持所训练的成分。
人工耳蜗植入儿童有学习语言技能的潜力，本研究证实了他们使用综合语法治疗方案学习语法的能力。
