Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States; Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States; Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States.
Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
Int Rev Neurobiol. 2020;150:129-153. doi: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.11.007. Epub 2019 Dec 14.
Stress alters both cognitive and emotional function, and increases risk for a variety of psychological disorders, such as depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. The prefrontal cortex is critical for executive function and emotion regulation, is a target for stress hormones, and is implicated in many stress-influenced psychological disorders. Therefore, understanding how stress-induced changes in the structure and function of the prefrontal cortex are related to stress-induced changes in behavior may elucidate some of the mechanisms contributing to stress-sensitive disorders. This review focuses on data from rodent models to describe the effects of chronic stress on behaviors mediated by the medial prefrontal cortex, the effects of chronic stress on the morphology and physiology of the medial prefrontal cortex, mechanisms that may mediate these effects, and evidence for sex differences in the effects of stress on the prefrontal cortex. Understanding how stress influences prefrontal cortex and behaviors mediated by it, as well as sex differences in this effect, will elucidate potential avenues for novel interventions for stress-sensitive disorders characterized by deficits in executive function and emotion regulation.
压力会改变认知和情绪功能，并增加各种心理障碍的风险，如抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍。前额叶皮层对于执行功能和情绪调节至关重要，是应激激素的靶点，并且与许多受压力影响的心理障碍有关。因此，了解应激引起的前额叶皮层结构和功能的变化与应激引起的行为变化之间的关系，可能阐明导致应激敏感障碍的一些机制。本综述重点介绍了来自啮齿动物模型的数据，以描述慢性应激对内侧前额叶皮层介导的行为的影响、慢性应激对内侧前额叶皮层形态和生理学的影响、可能介导这些影响的机制，以及应激对前额叶皮层的影响存在性别差异的证据。了解压力如何影响前额叶皮层及其介导的行为，以及这种影响存在性别差异，将阐明针对以执行功能和情绪调节缺陷为特征的应激敏感障碍的新干预措施的潜在途径。
