儿童和青少年强迫症：流行病学、诊断与管理
Obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: epidemiology, diagnosis and management.
作者信息
Nazeer Ahsan, Latif Finza, Mondal Aisha, Azeem Muhammad Waqar, Greydanus Donald E
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
出版信息
Transl Pediatr. 2020 Feb;9(Suppl 1):S76-S93. doi: 10.21037/tp.2019.10.02.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be found in about 4% of the general population and is characterized by various compulsions and obsessions that interfere with the person's quality of life from a mild to severe degree. The following discussion reflects on current concepts in this condition, including its epidemiology and etiologic underpinnings (behavioral, neurological, immunological, gastroenterological, as well as genetic). The interplay of PANS and PANDAS are included in this review. In addition, the core concepts of OCD diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and co-morbidities are considered. It is stressed that the quality of life for persons with pediatric OCD as well as for family members can be quite limited and challenged. Thus, principles of management are presented as a guide to improve the quality of life for these persons as much as possible.
强迫症（OCD）在普通人群中的发病率约为4%，其特征是各种强迫行为和强迫观念，会不同程度地干扰患者的生活质量，从轻度到重度不等。以下讨论反映了目前对这种疾病的认识，包括其流行病学和病因基础（行为学、神经学、免疫学、胃肠病学以及遗传学）。本次综述还涵盖了儿科自身免疫性神经精神障碍相关链球菌感染（PANS）和儿科自身免疫性神经精神障碍（PANDAS）之间的相互作用。此外，还探讨了强迫症诊断、鉴别诊断和共病的核心概念。需要强调的是，患有儿童强迫症的患者及其家庭成员的生活质量可能会受到很大限制并面临挑战。因此，本文提出了一些管理原则，以尽可能提高这些人的生活质量。
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